اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

بررسی عوامل اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زمینه‌ای مؤثر بر ناهمگونی کالبدی نماهای شهری؛ مطالعۀ موردی: محور امیرکبیر کاشان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیارگروه معماری، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران
2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
ناهمگونی نماهای شهری را نمی‌توان حاصل تفاوت در سبک یا سلیقۀ معماری دانست؛ زیرا شکل‌گیری نما در بستر روابط اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و در تعامل با زمینه صورت می‌گیرد. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل تفسیری عوامل اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی مرتبط با تفاوت و ناهمگونی نماهای شهری، محور امیرکبیر کاشان را بررسی می‌کند. پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و راهبرد مطالعه موردی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق برداشت و مستندسازی ۱۰ نمای و ۲۰ مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان معماری، طراحی شهری، شهرسازی، منظر و مدیریت شهری گردآوری شد. نمونه‌ها با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و حداکثر تنوع در سبک، مقیاس، مصالح، تزئینات و ارتباط با زمینه انتخاب شدند و داده‌های مصاحبه با تحلیل محتوای هدایت‌شده قیاسی ـ استقرایی بررسی شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد تفاوت میان نماها تنها به انتخاب‌های فرمی محدود نیست و با ترجیحات مالکان و طراحان، شرایط اقتصادی و بازار ساخت، ضوابط شهری و زمینه مرتبط است. تحلیل نمونه‌ها چهار الگوی «تمایز نمایشی»، «تمایز همراه با سلطۀ مقیاسی»، «تمایز زمینه‌گرا» و «بیان معاصر» را آشکار کرد. همچنین، مشخص شد که تمایز معماری موجب ناهمگونی نمی‌شود؛ بلکه زمانی که تفاوت در فرم، مصالح، رنگ، ارتفاع، تزئینات یا خط آسمان با ضعف ارتباط با جداره پیرامون همراه شود، گسست و کاهش انسجام بصری افزایش می‌یابد. مفاهیم سرمایه، ذائقه و تمایز بوردیو و نظریۀ تولید فضای لوفور برای تفسیر این روابط به کار گرفته شدند. با توجه به مصاحبه نکردن با مالکان، سازندگان و طراحان، این پیوند تفسیری مطرح می‌شود و به معنای اثبات رابطۀ مستقیم میان سرمایه کنشگران و ویژگی نما نیست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An examination of social, economic, and contextual factors influencing the physical heterogeneity of urban facades: A case study of Amir Kabir Corridor in Kashan, Iran

نویسندگان English

Zahra Abbasi 1
Ali Asgari 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Qo.C., Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Urban façade heterogeneity cannot be attributed to differences in architectural style or aesthetic preference, as façades take form within social, economic, and cultural relations and with the surrounding context. This study provides an interpretive analysis of the social, economic, and cultural factors associated with differences and heterogeneity in urban façades along the Amir Kabir Corridor in Kashan, Iran. The research adopts a qualitative approach and a case study strategy. Data were collected by documenting 10 façades and conducting 20 semi-structured interviews with experts in architecture, urban design, urban planning, landscape, and management. Cases were selected through purposive maximum-variation sampling according to differences in style, scale, materials, ornamentation, and relationship to the surrounding context. Interview data were examined using deductive–inductive directed content analysis. Findings indicate that differences among façades are not limited to formal choices but also reflect owners’ and designers’ preferences, economic conditions, urban regulations, and contextual factors in the selected study area. Analysis revealed four patterns: “representational differentiation,” “differentiation accompanied by scale dominance,” “context-responsive differentiation,” and “contemporary expression.” Architectural differentiation does not necessarily produce heterogeneity; rather, when differences in form, materials, color, height, ornamentation, or skyline are accompanied by weak relationships with the surrounding street wall, visual fragmentation and reduced coherence increase. Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, taste, and distinction, together with Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space, were employed to interpret these relationships. Since owners, developers, and designers were not interviewed directly, this interpretive linkage does not establish a direct relationship between actors’ capital and façade characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Urban faç
ade, physical heterogeneity, economic capital, cultural capital, aesthetic taste, Amir Kabir Corridor, Kashan, Iran
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دوره 8، شماره 2
اردیبهشت 1406
صفحه 70-84

  • تاریخ دریافت 26 مرداد 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 شهریور 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 03 مهر 1405