اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

گذار به نظام درآمدی پایدار در شهرداری تهران: طراحی چارچوبی مبتنی بر تنوع‌بخشی درآمدی و چرخۀ بازخورد مثبت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم‌ و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 پژوهشگر دکتری گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
3 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم ‌و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
ساختار تأمین مالی شهرداری‌ها در ایران طی دهه‌های گذشته به‌ طور فزاینده‌ای به درآمدهای ناشی از ساخت‌وساز، تغییر کاربری و فروش تراکم وابسته شده است؛ الگویی که پیامدهای متعددی برای شهر و مدیریت شهری به همراه داشته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی گزینه‌های تنوع‌بخشی به درآمدهای شهرداری تهران و ارائۀ چارچوبی برای گذار تدریجی از درآمدهای ناپایدار به درآمدهای پایدار انجام شد. این پژوهش از نظر ماهیت، اکتشافی و از نوع ترکیبی است. در بخش کیفی، ۱۴ قانون، یک سند (در بازه زمانی ۱۲۸۶ تا ۱۴۰۴) و یک نظریه به روش تحلیل اسنادی بررسی شد و ۵۶ ظرفیت قانونی استخراج شد. همچنین، ۱۱ مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان انجام شد که به شناسایی ۴۷ گزینۀ پیشنهادی انجامید. تلفیق یافته‌های دو بخش به استخراج ۸۴ گزینه منجر شد که در نهایت در قالب ۲۵ گزینۀ سیاستی نهایی خوشه‌بندی شد. در بخش کمی، معیارهای ارزیابی با استفاده از روش بهترین ـ بدترین وزن‌دهی شدند و گزینه‌ها با بهره‌گیری از روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره آراس بر اساس شش معیار پایداری درآمد، ظرفیت درآمدزایی، سهولت اجرا، مقبولیت اجتماعی، الزامات نهادی و عدالت اولویت‌بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد گزینه‌های مرتبط با تنوع‌بخشی هوشمند به نظام درآمدی، انسجام‌بخشی به ابزارهای زمین‌محور، شفافیت مالی و اصلاح نظام وصول در اولویت بالاتری قرار دارند. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد اجرای این گزینه‌ها به ‌صورت هم‌زمان و مستقل، لزوماً به پایداری مالی منجر نمی‌شود؛ بلکه برخی اقدامات باید به ‌عنوان پیش‌نیاز اجرای اقدامات بعدی در نظر گرفته شوند. بر این‌اساس، گزینه‌های منتخب در قالب یک چرخۀ چهارمرحله‌ای مبتنی بر بازخورد مثبت سازمان‌دهی شدند که در آن، اجرای هر مرحله ضمن تقویت ظرفیت‌های مالی، مدیریتی و نهادی شهرداری، زمینۀ تحقق و اثربخشی مرحلۀ بعد را فراهم می‌کند. یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که اصلاح نظام درآمدی شهرداری‌ها بیش از ایجاد منابع جدید، به بهره‌برداری مؤثر از ظرفیت‌های موجود، ارتقای شفافیت و کارایی وصول و طراحی منطقی توالی اجرای سیاست‌ها وابسته است. نوآوری پژوهش در تلفیق ظرفیت‌های قانونی و دیدگاه‌های خبرگان، اولویت‌بندی نظام‌مند گزینه‌ها و ارائۀ چارچوبی سیستمی و اجرایی برای سازمان‌دهی و توالی اجرای آن‌ها در مسیر تحقق تدریجی پایداری مالی شهرداری‌ها است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Transitioning to a sustainable municipal revenue system in Tehran: A framework based on revenue diversification and positive feedback loops

نویسندگان English

Mohammadsaleh Shokouhibidhendi 1
Reza Alizadeh 2
Reza Motahar 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Candidate, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Art, Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 PhD in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The financing structure of Iranian municipalities has become increasingly reliant on revenues from construction activities, land-use changes, and density selling in recent decades, a trend that has had various consequences for urban development and municipal governance. This study aims to identify and prioritize revenue diversification options for the Tehran Municipality and to propose a framework for the gradual transition from unsustainable to sustainable revenue sources. The research is exploratory and employs a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, we analyzed 14 laws, one policy document (1907–2025), and one theoretical framework using document analysis, identifying 56 legal capacities. In addition, 11 semi-structured interviews with experts in urban management and municipal finance yielded 47 proposed options. Integrating findings from these two phases produced 84 options, which were then clustered into 25 final policy alternatives. In the quantitative phase, the evaluation criteria were weighted using the Best-Worst Method (BWM), and the alternatives were prioritized through the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method based on six criteria: revenue sustainability, revenue-generation capacity, ease of implementation, social acceptability, institutional requirements, and equity. The results indicate that options related to intelligent revenue diversification, integration of land-based instruments, financial transparency, and reform of revenue collection systems received the highest priorities. The findings suggest that improving municipal revenue systems depends less on creating new revenue sources and more on enhancing transparency, collection efficiency, and the effective utilization of existing capacities. This study’s novelty lies in integrating legal capacities with expert perspectives, systematically prioritizing policy alternatives, and proposing a policy framework for the gradual reform of municipal revenue systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

ARAS method
multi-criteria decision-making
municipal financial sustainability
municipal revenue diversification
Tehran municipality
urban financial sustainability
urban financing
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دوره 8، شماره 1
فروردین 1406
صفحه 70-91

  • تاریخ دریافت 22 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 مرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 مرداد 1405