Conventional approaches to travel demand analysis have predominantly relied on objective variables such as time, cost, and accessibility, yet they remain limited in accounting for the complex interplay among the psychological, social, and structural dimensions of travel behavior. Adopting an interdisciplinary and justice-oriented perspective, this study provides a multilayered analysis of urban travel behavior in the Tehran metropolis and seeks to explain how subjective perceptions, social identity, and spatial inequalities shape transport choices. The research was designed using an exploratory–interpretive mixed-methods approach within a honeycomb framework. In the quantitative strand, data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire comprising 19 final indicators measured on a five-point Likert scale from 40 citizens whose travel destination was the Tehran traffic restricted zone. Purposive sampling was employed, and the data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. In the qualitative strand, 18 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents of privileged, semi-privileged, and underprivileged areas, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Integration of the two strands took place at the stage of final interpretation. More specifically, the quantitative findings enabled the identification and classification of latent structures influencing travel behavior, while the qualitative data enriched, interpreted, and validated the results by illuminating lived experience, perceptions of justice, cognitive load, travel anxiety, and the symbolic meanings attached to different modes of mobility. Compared with previous studies, the value of this approach lies in moving beyond one-dimensional analyses and offering a multilevel framework for understanding the interaction between spatial structure, social position, and travel practice. The findings suggest that the realization of transport justice requires going beyond formal equality of access and addressing lived experience, regional disparities, and the socio-psychological dimensions of urban mobility simultaneously.