اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

پناهگاه‌های خرد شهری به‌مثابه فضاهای زیسته تاب‌آور در شرایط جنگ رمضان (جنگ تحمیلی سوم)؛ مطالعۀ موردی: میادین محلۀ نارمک منطقۀ 8 تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه شهرسازی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
افزایش مخاطرات ناشی از جنگ‌های شهری و بحران‌های امنیتی، ضرورت بازاندیشی در نقش فضاهای خرد شهری در ارتقای تاب‌آوری محلات را برجسته ساخته است. با وجود تمرکز بسیاری از پژوهش‌ها بر زیرساخت‌های کلان و پناهگاه‌های رسمی، شناخت تجربۀ زیستۀ شهروندان از فضاهای محلی پناه‌پذیر همچنان کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی تجربۀ زیستۀ ساکنان از پناهگاه‌های خرد شهری و تبیین نقش آن‌ها در شکل‌گیری تاب‌آوری محلی، در محلۀ نارمک منطقۀ ۸ تهران و در بستر بحران موسوم به «جنگ رمضان» (۹ اسفند ۱۴۰۴ تا ۱۹ فروردین ۱۴۰۵) انجام شده است. این پژوهش با رویکرد آمیخته و با غلبۀ رویکرد کیفی تفسیری انجام شد. در بخش کیفی، ۵۰ مصاحبه عمیق نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ساکنان باسابقه و خبرگان شهری انجام و داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA تحلیل شدند. در بخش کمی نیز ۳۸۰ پرسش‌نامه میان ساکنان توزیع و داده‌ها از طریق آمار توصیفی و آزمون همبستگی رتبه‌ای اسپیرمن مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها نشان داد پناهگاه‌های خرد شهری فقط عناصر کالبدی محافظتی نیستند، بلکه به‌مثابه فضاهای زیسته و معناساز عمل می‌کنند که از طریق تقویت امنیت ادراک‌شده، انسجام اجتماعی، حافظۀ جمعی و احساس کنترل، ظرفیت تاب‌آوری شهروندان را افزایش می‌دهند. نتایج تحلیل کمی نیز وجود روابط مثبت و معنادار میان امنیت ادراک‌شده، کیفیت تجربۀ فضایی، راهبردهای انطباقی و تاب‌آوری ساکنان را تأیید کرد. همچنین، مشخص شد که خوانایی فضایی، دسترسی سریع، محصوریت نسبی و امکان شکل‌گیری حمایت اجتماعی از مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر ادراک پناه‌پذیری در میادین نارمک هستند. نتایج پژوهش بر ضرورت گذار از رویکردهای فقط فنی به برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی مکان‌محور تأکید دارد؛ رویکردی که در آن فضاهای عمومی محله‌ای به‌ عنوان زیرساخت‌های فعال تاب‌آوری شهری مورد توجه قرار می‌گیرند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Urban micro-refuges as resilient lived spaces under wartime conditions: The case of the Ramadan War (Third Imposed War); a case study of the Narmak Neighborhood squares, District 8, Tehran, Iran

نویسندگان English

Atiyeh Asgari 1
Mehrshad Jahanabadi 2
1 Department of Urbanism. ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Urbanism. ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The increasing risks associated with urban warfare and security crises have underscored the need to reconsider the role of small-scale urban spaces in enhancing neighborhood resilience. While previous research has predominantly focused on large-scale infrastructure and formal shelters, limited attention has been paid to citizens’ lived experiences of locally accessible refuge spaces. This study investigates residents’ lived experiences of urban micro-refuges and their impact on the development of neighborhood resilience in the Narmak neighborhood, District 8 of Tehran, during the conflict titled as the Ramadan War (February 27–April 8, 2026). A mixed-methods design with a qualitative interpretive emphasis was adopted. The qualitative phase involved 50 in-depth semi-structured interviews with long-term residents and urban experts, which were analyzed using thematic analysis with MAXQDA software. The quantitative phase comprised a survey of 380 residents, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank-order correlation. The findings reveal that urban micro-refuges function not merely as protective physical infrastructures but as meaningful lived spaces that enhance citizens’ resilience by strengthening perceived safety, social cohesion, collective memory, and a sense of control. The quantitative results further confirmed significant positive relationships between perceived safety, the quality of spatial experience, adaptive coping strategies, and residents’ resilience. Moreover, spatial legibility, rapid accessibility, relative enclosure, and opportunities for social support emerged as the most influential characteristics shaping perceptions of refugeability within Narmak’s neighborhood squares. The study highlights the need to move beyond purely technical approaches toward place-based planning and design, in which neighborhood public spaces are recognized as active infrastructures for strengthening urban resilience during times of conflict.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Urban micro-refuges
lived experience
urban resilience
wartime conditions
neighborhood public squares
Narmak neighborhood
District 8
Tehran
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دوره 7، شماره 11
در حال تکمیل
بهمن 1405
صفحه 20-45

  • تاریخ دریافت 07 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 23 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 03 تیر 1405