اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

واکاوی سازوکارهای قفل‌شدگی‏ کاربری‏ زمین در نظام شهرسازی ایران در چارچوب نظری وابستگی ‏به ‏مسیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران‌
2 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران‌
چکیده
طرح‌های توسعۀ شهری به‌ عنوان یکی از ارکان اصلی نظام شهرسازی ایران، از طریق دو ابزار کلیدی «نقشۀ کاربری ‌زمین» و «ضوابط ‌و مقررات»، آیندۀ شهرها را برای بیش از یک ‌دهه برنامه‌ریزی‌می‌کنند. با این‌حال، علی‌رغم گذشت بیش از سه ‌دهه از انجام پژوهش‌های متعدد که تحقق کاربری‌های پیشنهادی را نسبی و نامتعادل برآورد ‌کرده‌اند، این الگو تداوم‌ یافته ‌است. پژوهش حاضر با ماهیت کاربردی، رویکرد کیفی و روش توصیفی، در دو گام، در صدد پاسخ به‌ این سؤال است که چرا الگوی موجود تداوم ‌یافته و چه مکانیسم‌هایی آن‌ را تثبیت می‌کنند. در گام اول؛ نخست، میزان تحقق کاربری‌های پیشنهادی و سپس، علل عدم‌ تحقق آن‌ها از تعدادی از پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده، استخراج شد و علل یادشده با روش کیفی تحلیل محتوا و در چارچوب نظری وابستگی ‌به ‌مسیر، دسته‌بندی شد. یافته‌ها نشان‌می‌دهد علل یادشده، فارغ از زمان و مکان، دارای هم‌پوشانی بوده و علل شناسایی‌شده در دوره‌های متقدم بیشتر در بعد فنی و در دوره‌های متأخر علاوه ‌بر بعد فنی، در ابعاد نهادی و گفتمانی قابل دسته‌بندی هستند. در گام دوم، چگونگی شکل‌گیری پدیدۀ قفل‌شدگی کاربری زمین و وابستگی ‌به ‌مسیر در برنامه‌ریزی ‌کاربری زمین در ایران از طریق منشأهای سیستم، یادگیری، رویه‌، رفتار و انگیزۀ شناسایی و تشریح شد. در نهایت، درهَم ‌شکستن مسیر موجود از دو طریق: یکی، انتقال کارفرما از وزارت‌ راه ‌و شهرسازی به شهرداری‌ها و دیگری، انتقال پیامدهای تخصیص کاربری بر اراضی با مالکیت ‌خصوصی از فرد به جمع پیشنهاد ‌می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Unraveling the mechanisms of land-use lock-in in Iran’s urban planning system within the theoretical framework of path dependence

نویسندگان English

Najma Esmailpoor 1
Farzaneh Salimi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
چکیده English

Urban development plans, as one of the principal pillars of Iran’s urban planning system, plan the future of cities for more than a decade through two key tools: “land-use maps” and “planning regulations.” Despite more than three decades of research demonstrating that the realization of planned land uses has remained partial and imbalanced, this planning pattern has persisted. This applied study employs a qualitative approach and a descriptive method to answer, in two steps, why this pattern has persisted and what mechanisms have stabilized it. In the first step, the realization rates of planned land uses and the causes of their non-realization were extracted from selected studies. These causes were subsequently categorized through qualitative content analysis within the theoretical framework of path dependence. The findings indicated substantial overlap among these causes regardless of time and location. While the causes identified in earlier periods were predominantly technical in nature, those identified in more recent periods can be categorized within technical, institutional, and discursive dimensions. In the second step, the phenomenon of land-use lock-in and path dependence in land-use planning in Iran was identified and explained through the origins of the system, learning, procedure, behavior, and motivation. Finally, two strategies were proposed to break the existing path: One, transferring the employer from the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development to municipalities, and the other, transferring the consequences of allocating land use on privately owned lands from individuals to the collective.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Implementation barriers
land-use lock-in
land-use realization
path dependence
urban development plans
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دوره 7، شماره 10
دی 1405
صفحه 104-118

  • تاریخ دریافت 29 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 25 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 31 اردیبهشت 1405