اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

پروندۀ شهری: تحلیل یکپارچۀ مهریز با تأکید بر حکمرانی آب و عدالت فضایی در اقلیم خشک

نوع مقاله : پرونده شهری (پروفایل شهری)

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
باغ‌شهر مهریز با چالش‌های هم‌زمان بحران آب، نابرابری فضایی و ضعف حکمرانی شهری مواجه است که پایداری اکولوژیک و هویت تاریخی آن را تهدید می‌کند. این پژوهش با رویکرد مطالعۀ موردی، از داده‌های سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن، اسناد فرادست و مشاهدات میدانی بهره گرفت و تحلیل داده‌ها را با تلفیق شش چارچوب تحلیلی شامل SWOT،‏ DPSIR،‏ PESTEL،‏ Porter،‏ VRIO و Fishbone انجام داد. نتایج نشان داد تراز آبخوان دشت مهریز سالانه 5/0 تا ۱ متر افت می‌کند و حدود ۳۰ درصد آب در شبکۀ توزیع هدر می‌رود. همچنین، سرانۀ فضای سبز شهر (6/6 مترمربع) پایین‌تر از استاندارد ملی است و شکاف قابل‌ توجهی میان تراکم جمعیتی بافت تاریخی (بیش از ۱۲۰ نفر در هکتار) و توسعه‌های پیرامونی (کمتر از ۵۰ نفر در هکتار) وجود دارد. تحلیل DPSIR نشان داد افت آبخوان از طریق زوال باغ‌ها، تغییر کاربری اراضی و کاهش کیفیت محیطی، نابرابری فضایی را تشدید می‌کند. تحلیل VRIO نیز بیانگر آن است که قنات‌ها و ساختار باغ‌شهری، با وجود ارزشمندی، نایابی و دشواری تقلید، به دلیل ضعف سازماندهی نهادی به مزیت توسعه‌ای تبدیل نشده‌اند. همچنین، تحلیل Fishbone ریشۀ مشکلات را در پراکندگی نهادی، ضعف هماهنگی بین دستگاه‌های مسئول و غلبۀ برنامه‌ریزی کالبدی ایستا شناسایی کرد. بر این‌اساس، چالش اصلی مهریز نه کمبود مطلق منابع آب، بلکه ضعف حکمرانی یکپارچۀ آب و فضا است. استقرار مدیریت یکپارچۀ آبخوان و باغ‌شهر، کاهش هدررفت شبکه، پایش مستمر منابع آب و بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت قنات‌ها در برنامه‌ریزی شهری، می‌تواند تاب‌آوری این باغ‌شهر را در شرایط اقلیم خشک ارتقا دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Urban profile: An integrated analysis of Mehriz with an emphasis on water governance and spatial justice in arid climates

نویسندگان English

Seyede Saba Jamali 1
Amin Mohtajallah Yazdi 2
1 M.Sc. student in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
2 M.Sc. in Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The garden city of Mehriz faces simultaneous challenges of water crisis, spatial inequality, and weak urban governance, which threaten its ecological sustainability and historical identity. Using a case study approach, this research utilized national population and housing census data, statutory documents, and field observations, analyzing data by integrating six analytical frameworks: SWOT, DPSIR, PESTEL, Porter, VRIO, and fishbone. Results showed the Mehriz plain aquifer declines by 0.5 to 1 meter annually, and approximately 30 percent of water is wasted in the distribution network. Also, the city’s per capita green space (6.6 square meters) is lower than the national standard, and a significant gap exists between the population density of the historic fabric (over 120 persons per hectare) and peripheral developments (under 50 persons per hectare). The DPSIR analysis demonstrated that aquifer depletion intensifies spatial inequality through orchard degradation, land-use conversion, and reduced environmental quality. The VRIO analysis indicated that qanats and the garden-city structure, despite their value, rarity, and inimitability, have not become a developmental advantage due to weak institutional organization. Furthermore, the fishbone analysis identified the root of problems in institutional fragmentation, poor coordination among responsible agencies, and the dominance of static physical planning. Accordingly, the main challenge of Mehriz is not absolute water scarcity, but the weakness of integrated water and spatial governance. Establishing integrated aquifer and garden-city management, reducing network water loss, continuously monitoring water resources, and utilizing qanat capacities in urban planning can enhance the resilience of this garden city in arid climate conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

arid climate
integrated analytical frameworks
Mehriz
resource scarcity
spatial inequality
urban profile
urban planning
Aftab News. (2022). Subsidence threat looms over Yazd / Ancient monuments at risk of destruction. https://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/766634/ [In Persian]
Ahmadi, M., et al. (2020). Qanat systems and urban spatial structure in central Iran. Springer.
Albrechts, L. (2004). Strategic (spatial) planning reexamined. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(5), 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1068/b3065
Banihabib, M., & Ghafouri Kharanek, S. (2019). Evaluation of traditional aquifer governance characteristics using effective groundwater governance principles. Iranian Indigenous Knowledge, 6(12), 235–265. https://qjik.atu.ac.ir/article_8101.html [In Persian]
Barati, M., et al. (2019). Assessment of groundwater pollution in the Mehriz plain with emphasis on nitrate concentration. in National Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering.
Groundwater Pollution Study in Mehriz Plain
Beall, J., & Fox, S. (2009). Cities and development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203086452
Boelens, R., Hoogesteger, J., Swyngedouw, E., Vos, J., & Wester, P. (2016). Hydrosocial territories: A political ecology perspective. Water International, 41(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1134898
Brown, R. R., Keath, N., & Wong, T. H. F. (2009). Urban water management in cities: Historical, current and future regimes. Water Science and Technology, 59(5), 847–855. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.029
Chaffin, B. C., Gosnell, H., & Cosens, B. A. (2014). A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: Synthesis and future directions. Ecology and Society, 19(3), Article 56. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-06824-190356
Dadashpour, H., & Alvandipour, N. (2017). Spatial justice at the urban scale in Iran: A meta-study of the theoretical framework of existing scientific articles. Fine Arts Journal: Architecture and Urban Planning, 21(3), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.22059/jfaup.2016.61103 [In Persian]
Davoudi, S. (2015). Planning as practice of knowing. Planning Theory, 14(3), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095215575919
Dehghan, A. (2025). Judicial action against unauthorized villa construction in Mehriz orchards. Mizan News Agency. [In Persian]
Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002
Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P., & Norberg, J. (2005). Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30(1), 441–473. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511
Fraser, N. (2009). Scales of justice: Reimagining political space in a globalizing world. Columbia University Press.
Gha’ed Rahmati, S., & Hazeri, M. (2013). Spatial analysis of urban service distribution and its effect on urban land prices: Case study of Mehriz City neighborhoods. Geographical Explorations of Desert Regions, 1(2), 89–112. http://grd.yazd.ac.ir/article_457.html [In Persian]
Gleick, P. H. (2003). Water use. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 28(1), 275–314. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.040202.122849
Hasani Fakhrābādi, N., & Hasani Fakhrābādi, M. (2024). Water heritage and urban structuring: Analysis of the role of qanats in the formation of Naein, Yazd, and Gonabad. Architectural Technologies Studies Journal, 4(2), 77–93. https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/2197346 [In Persian]
Heynen, N., Perkins, H. A., & Roy, P. (2006). The political ecology of uneven urban green space: The impact of political economy on race and ethnicity in producing environmental inequality in Milwaukee. Urban Affairs Review, 42(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087406290729
Hosseini, A., Javāharjoud, M., & Heidari, A. (2024). Analysis of factors affecting urban resilience in the face of water crisis in small cities: Case study of Kabudarahang. Urban Planning Geography Research, 12(2). https://ensani.ir/fa/article/591525  [In Persian]
IRIB News Agency. (2026). Completion of water supply projects, wastewater development, and network smartening in Mehriz. https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/5831077/ [In Persian]
Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA). (2026). Film | Criticism of Mehriz mayor regarding unauthorized constructions in orchards. https://www.irna.ir/news/86140334/ [In Persian]
ISNA. (2015). Destruction of Kooh-e-Rig orchard alley of Mehriz on the pretext of development project. https://www.isna.ir/news [In Persian]
ISNA. (2024). Preventing the over-extraction of 260,000 cubic meters of water in the cities of Yazd and Mehriz. https://www.isna.ir/news/1403101208681/ [In Persian]
ISNA. (2025). 16 plains of Yazd province are prohibited. https://www.isna.ir/news/1404021007225/ [In Persian]
ISNA. (2026). Wastage of one-third of the produced water in Mehriz / Intensifying the crackdown on unauthorized connections. https://www.isna.ir/news/1405033018164/ [In Persian]
Jamaran News. (2019). Conversion of Mehriz City land use is subject to legal prosecution. https://www.jamaran.news/%D8% [In Persian]
Labbaf Khaniki, M., Rezvani, M., & Badri, A. (2019). Explaining the process of territorial cooperation in qanat exploitation (case study: Hasanabad Qanat, Yazd Province). Rural Research, 10(1), 44–59. https://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/23013980302.pdf [In Persian]
Lankford, B. (2013). Resource efficiency complexity and the commons. Earthscan. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203520888
Maherani, M., & Hosseini Nazhvani, M. (2011). Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of the use of effluent from Mehriz wastewater treatment plant in Yazd [Paper presentation]. International Water and Wastewater Conference with Privatization Approach and Best Practices in Design, Construction and Operation. https://civilica.com/doc/110597/ [In Persian]
Mahmoudi-Sadr, M. R., Mortazavi, M. S., Marandi, R., & Zamani, N. (2008). Investigating the nitrite and nitrate levels of water sources supplying Mehriz City [Paper presentation]. 11th National Conference on Environmental Health of Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/144693/ [In Persian]
Marcuse, P. (2009). From critical urban theory to the right to the city. City, 13(2-3), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810902982177
McDonald, R. I., Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P. A., Gleeson, T., Eckman, S., Lehner, B., Balk, D., Boucher, T., Grill, G., & Montgomery, M. (2014). Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure. Global Environmental Change, 27, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022
Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011
Mehr News Agency. (2015). Shirkuh gardens under the blade of bulldozers / Luxury villas replacing ancient trees of Mehriz. https://www.mehrnews.com/news/2539246/ [In Persian]
Mehr News Agency. (2026). Demolition of 40 unauthorized villas and restoration of agricultural lands in Mehriz. https://www.mehrnews.com/news/6758823/ [In Persian]
Mehr News Agency. (2025). Alamdar: The quality of drinking water in Yazd province complies with Ministry of Health standards. https://www.mehrnews.com/news/6730862/ [In Persian]
Mehr News Agency. (2024). Mahjoubi: 94% of the wells in Mehriz county are equipped with smart meters. https://www.mehrnews.com/news/6612156/ [In Persian]
Mehr News Agency. (2024). Sustainable water supply for Mehriz City by constructing a 30,000 cubic meter reservoir. https://www.mehrnews.com/news/6266224/ [In Persian]
Mehriz Municipality. (2025). Hasanabad Qanat of Mehriz. https://mehriz.ir/%D8%AC [In Persian]
Mehrnahad, H., & Pourdara, H. (2016). Study of environmental risks of pollutants in the Mehriz region on creating pollution on groundwater resources of Yazd aquifer. Journal of Iranian Association of Engineering Geology. https://civilica.com/doc/1865700/ [In Persian]
Mohsen-Al-Hosseini, S. R. (2021, February 23). There is no serious determination to prevent the destruction of Mehriz gardens. News Archive [In Persian]. https://newsarchive.ir/%D8%B9%D
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763
Pahl-Wostl, C. (2009). A conceptual framework for analysing adaptive capacity and multi-level learning processes in resource governance regimes. Global Environmental Change, 19(3), 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.06.001
Parizadi, T., Hosseini, F., & Behboudi Moghaddam, H. (2016). Analysis of spatial inequalities in the distribution of urban services from the perspective of spatial justice (case study: Marivan city). Geographical Planning of Space, 6(20), 89–104. https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_41675.html [In Persian]
Patel, S., et al. (2015). The 21st century challenges for cities in the Global South. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(3), 439–454.
Pickett, S. T. A., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., Nilon, C. H., Pouyat, R. V., Zipperer, W. C., & Costanza, R. (2001). Urban ecological systems: Linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 127–157. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114012
Quds Online. (2022). Modification and development of over 3,000 meters of water piping in Mehriz. https://qudsonline.ir/news/463563/%D8%A7 [In Persian]
Rasouli, K. (2015). Destruction of Kooh Rig orchard alley of Mehriz on the pretext of development project. Iranian Students’ News Agency (ISNA). https://www.isna.ir/news/9402150 [In Persian]
Rauws, W. (2017). Embracing uncertainty without abandoning planning. disP - The Planning Review, 53(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2017.1316539
Reynolds, J. F., Smith, D. M. S., Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Mortimore, M., Batterbury, S. P. J., Downing, T. E., Dowlatabadi, H., Fernández, R. J., Herrick, J. E., Huber-Sannwald, E., Jiang, H., Leemans, R., Lynam, T., Maestre, F. T., Ayarza, M., & Walker, B. (2007). Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development. Science, 316(5826), 847–851. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131634
Riahi Moghaddam, S. (2015). Mehriz: The township of yesterday, the garden city of today. Housing and Rural Environment, 34(151), 55–66. http://jhre.ir/browse.php?a_id=219 [In Persian]
Roy, A. (2011). Slumdog cities: Rethinking subaltern urbanism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01051.x
Sadeghloo, T., & Sajasi Gheidari, H. (2014). Prioritization of factors affecting the enhancement of farmers’ resilience against natural hazards with emphasis on drought (case study: Farmers of Ijrud County villages). Geography and Environmental Hazards, 3(10), 129–154. https://ensani.ir/fa/article/337510 [In Persian]
Saed News. (2026). Introduction of 11 long and mysterious qanats in Iran; registered in UNESCO. https://saednews.com/cn/10158/362248 [In Persian]
Saghi-Jadid, M., Naderi, M., & Nadiri, A. (2024). Evaluation of groundwater resources exploitation and identifying forbidden plains (case study: Yazd province). Civilica. https://civilica.com/doc/2197573/ [In Persian]
Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. University of Minnesota Press.
Stead, D., & Meijers, E. (2009). Spatial planning and policy integration. Policy Studies, 30(3), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649350903229752
Swyngedouw, E. (2004). Social power and the urbanization of water: Flows of power. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233916.001.0001
Taqvaei, M., et al. (2023). Sustainable tourism in historical cities of arid regions through qanat revitalization: The case of Yazd. Journal of Geotourism Studies. Sustainable Tourism and Qanat Revitalization in Yazd.
UN-Habitat. (2016). Urban profiling for better urban policy. UN-Habitat.
Watson, V. (2014). Co-production and collaboration in planning – The difference. Planning Theory & Practice, 15(1), 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2013.866266
Yadgarifar, F., Poudineh, M., & Esmailnejad, M. (2023). Analysis of urban resilience against water crisis: Case study of Tehran. Safe City, 2(5), 1–14. https://www.ispdrc.ir/article_705486.html [In Persian]
Yazd IRIB News Agency. (2026). Demolition of 60,000 square meters of unauthorized construction in Mehriz orchards. https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/5785584/ [In Persian]
Yazd Province Meteorological Administration. (2025). Yazd besieged by heat and drought; Water is the most important issue of the century for the province. https://www.yazdmet.ir/cs/News/112/9603/ [In Persian]
Yazd Province Water and Wastewater Company. (2025). Bidak Mehriz storage reservoir; A strategic step in sustainable water supply for 11,000 people. https://news.abfayazd.ir/cs/News/18/2656 [In Persian]
Yazd Province Water and Wastewater Company. (2024). Development of more than 26,000 meters of water distribution network in Mehriz county. https://news.abfayazd.ir/cs/News/18/2142 [In Persian]
Yazd Province Water and Wastewater Company. (2025). The 5,000 cubic meter Bidak Mehriz water reservoir was inaugurated / Emphasis on sustainable water supply in the province. https://news.abfayazd.ir/cs/News/18/2658 [In Persian]
Yazd Regional Water Company. (2025). Collecting compensation for damages caused to aquifers is seriously on the agenda of Yazd Regional Water Company. https://www.yzrw.ir/cs/News/118/1683 [In Persian]
Yazd Regional Water Company. (2025). Extraction of 119 million cubic meters of water from the resources of Mehriz county. https://news.yzrw.ir/cs/News/118/4002/ [In Persian]
Yazd Regional Water Company. (2021). The water scarcity adaptation program in the urban area of Yazd province was communicated. https://news.yzrw.ir/cs/News/118/2506/ [In Persian]
Yazd Regional Water Company. (2025). Urgent review of drinking water supply challenges in Mehriz at the 8th meeting of Yazd province water resources quality management. https://news.yzrw.ir/cs/News/118/4058/ [In Persian]
Yazd Regional Water Company. (2026). Yazd’s three strategic plans for water consumption management / 73% achievement of the goals of the water scarcity adaptation document. https://news.yzrw.ir/cs/News/118/ [In Persian]
دوره 7، شماره 12
در حال تکمیل
اسفند 1405
صفحه 4-27

  • تاریخ دریافت 05 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 تیر 1405