Ahmady K. (2023). Contexts and consequences of littering: A study on children’s littering in the geographical environment of Tehran and its suburbs. Geography and Regional Planning, 13(50): 69-88. https://doi.org/10.22034/jgeoq.2024.278617.2995 [In Persian]
Bourgois, P. I., & Schonberg, J. (2009). Righteous Dopefiend (Vol. 21). Univ of California Press.
Csordas, T. J. (Ed.). (1994). Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.
De Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life. University of California Press.
Dias, S. M. (2016). Waste pickers and cities. Environment and Urbanization, 28(2), 375-390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816657302  
Edensor, T. (Ed.). (2012). Geographies of rhythm: Nature, place, mobilities, and bodies. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Eisari M., & Shojaeezand A. (2020). Urban politics and the informality of waste picking in Tehran. https://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/1015797 [In Persian]
Geçkili Karaman, P., & Şalgamcıoğlu, M. E. (2025). Hidden actors of urban sustainability: Waste pickers in Istanbul. Sustainability, 17(14), 6236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146236
Gidwani, V., & Reddy, R. N. (2011). The afterlives of “waste”: Notes from India for a minor history of capitalist surplus. Antipode, 43(5), 1625-1658. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00902.x 
Gutberlet, J. (2016). Ways out of the waste dilemma: Transforming communities in the global south. RCC Perspectives, (3), 55-68. DOI: doi.org/10.5282/rcc/7547  
Gutberlet, J. (2023). Global plastic pollution and informal waste pickers. Cambridge Prisms: Plastics, 1, e9. https://doi.org/10.1017/plc.2023.10 
Hall, S. (2012). City, street, and citizen: The measure of the ordinary. Routledge.
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in practice. Routledge.
Harvey, D. (2017). The right to the city. In Citizenship rights (pp. 465-482). Routledge.
Ingold, T. (2011). Being alive: Essays on movement, knowledge, and description. Routledge.
Isari M., & Shojaeizand A. (2019). Contexts and processes of shaping the informal life of waste pickers: A case study of Afghan workers in Tehran. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 10(1): 63-95. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijsp.2020.76168 [In Persian]
Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Blackwell.
Low, S. (2017). Spatializing culture: The ethnography of space and place. Routledge.
Millar, K. (2018). Reclaiming the discard: Life and labor on Rio’s garbage dump. Duke University Press.
Moghadam M H, Bagheri M. (2024). Studying the formation process of the phenomenon of littering in the city of Ahvaz. Social Problems of Iran. 15(3): 255-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/jspi.15.3.255 [In Persian]
Murchison, J. M. (2010). Ethnography essentials: Designing, conducting, and presenting your research. John Wiley & Sons.
Naderi A., rask M., & mohamadi A. (2022). Qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 13(1): 167-197. doi: 10.22059/ijsp.2022.90401 [In Persian]
Ounagh N., Ghorbani A., & Sorzahi M. (2023). Analysis of social factors affecting the phenomenon of working children in Mehrestan City. Journal of Applied Sociology, 34(3): 65-88. https://doi.org/10.22108/jas.2023.136160.2353 [In Persian]
Parvin S., Moradi A., Donyaie O., & Davoodi M. (2018). Migration and waste picking: Analysis of emerging urban lifestyle. Iranian Population Studies, 4(1): 199-228. [In Persian]
Pink, S. (2015). Doing sensory ethnography (2nd Ed.). Sage.
Quesada, J., Hart, L. K., & Bourgois, P. (2011). Structural vulnerability and health: Latino migrant laborers in the United States. Medical anthropology, 30(4), 339-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2011.576725   
Rashidi J. (2023). Urban social policy and exclusion social; narration of excluding the body and poverty from urban spaces. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 23(4): 3-25. https://doi.org/10.22034/jsi.2023.563373.1622 [In Persian]
Roy, A. (2005). Urban informality: Toward an epistemology of planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 71(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360508976689 
Samson, M. (2015). Accumulation by dispossession and the informal economy: Struggles over knowledge, being, and waste at a Soweto garbage dump. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 33(5), 813–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775815600058 
Sen, N. (2018). Urban marginalization in South Asia: Waste pickers in Calcutta. Routledge.
Shanmugasundaram, L. (2024). Waste picking in the age of COVID-19: An environmental justice perspective. Discover Environment, 2(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00095-5
Wacquant, L. (2008). Urban outcasts: A comparative sociology of advanced marginality. Polity Press.
Zarei A., Ruhani A., Afshani S., & Mousavi S. M. (2023). Living with problems: A critical ethnography of dumpster diving in the industrial city of Meybod. Strategic Research on Social Problems, 12(3): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.22108/srspi.2023.138836.1931 [In Persian]
Zokaei M. S., Karami M. T., & FarzadManesh S. (2020). Representation of women’s everyday family life on Instagram. New Media Studies, 6(23): 1-52. https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2021.51251.944 [In Persian]