اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری

واکاوی علل مهاجرت از مرکز به حاشیۀ شهر تهران با روش تحلیل تماتیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ‌ارشد، مهندسی شهرسازی گرایش برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در دهه‌های اخیر، مهاجرت به‌ عنوان جابه‌جایی موقت یا دائم افراد از یک مکان سکونتی به مکان دیگر، تأثیرات گسترده‌ای بر مدیریت شهری، تعادل فضایی و ساختار کلان‌شهرها به جا گذاشته است. تهران به ‌عنوان بزرگ‌ترین کلان‌شهر ایران با افزایش شدید قیمت مسکن و تشدید نابرابری‌های فضایی مواجه است که این شرایط زمینه‌ساز مهاجرت از مرکز به حاشیۀ شهر شده‌اند. این روند موجب افزایش فشار بر نواحی پیرامونی و بروز چالش‌هایی در پایداری توسعۀ شهری شده است. از این‌رو، شناسایی دقیق و نظام‌مند علل این جابه‌جایی برای تدوین سیاست‌های کارآمد ضروری است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و تحلیل علل مهاجرت از مرکز به حاشیۀ تهران است؛ به ‌گونه‌ای که شهر تهران به‌ عنوان مرکز و مجموعۀ شهری پیرامونی آن به‌ عنوان حاشیه در نظر گرفته شده است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل تماتیک انجام شد. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۲۰ نفر از خبرگان حوزه‌های جغرافیا، شهرسازی و سیاست‌گذاری گردآوری شده و در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA طی شش مرحله کدگذاری و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد عوامل اقتصادی (فشارهای معیشتی)، نهادی (سیاست‌های ناکارآمد مسکن)، کالبدی (توسعۀ مترو و بهبود دسترسی)، زیست‌محیطی (آلودگی هوا) و اجتماعی فرهنگی (بازنشستگی) مهم‌ترین محرک‌های این مهاجرت هستند که اغلب به ‌صورت ترکیبی و هم‌افزا عمل می‌کنند. بر اساس نتایج، مدیریت این روند مستلزم سیاست‌های هماهنگ و یکپارچه در حوزه‌های مسکن، حمل‌ونقل، خدمات شهری و ارتقای کیفیت زندگی در مرکز و حاشیۀ تهران به ‌منظور تحقق تعادل فضایی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring the causes of center to periphery migration in the city of Tehran by thematic analysis

نویسندگان English

Fatemeh Shabani 1
Samaneh Jalilisadrabad 2
Abolfazl Meshkini 3
1 Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

In recent decades, migration, as the temporary or permanent movement of individuals from one place of residence to another, has left extensive effects on urban management, spatial balance, and the structure of metropolitan areas. Tehran, as the largest metropolis in Iran, has experienced a sharp rise in housing prices and intensifying spatial inequalities, creating the conditions for migration from the center to the periphery of the city. This process has increased pressure on peripheral areas and generated challenges for the sustainability of urban development. Therefore, a systematic identification of the causes of this movement is essential for the formulation of effective policies. The present study aims to identify and analyze the causes of migration from the center to the periphery of Tehran, considering the city of Tehran as the center and its surrounding urban complex as the periphery. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the fields of geography, urban planning, and policymaking, and were coded and analyzed in MAXQDA software in six stages. The findings indicate that economic factors (livelihood pressures), institutional factors (inefficient housing policies), physical factors (metro development and improved accessibility), environmental factors (air pollution), and socio-cultural factors (retirement) are the most important drivers of this migration, often operating in a combined and synergistic manner. Effective management of this process requires coordinated and integrated policies in housing, transportation, urban services, and quality of life improvement to achieve spatial balance.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

migration
Tehran
thematic analysis
urban center and periphery
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دوره 7، شماره 9
آذر 1405
صفحه 98-111

  • تاریخ دریافت 22 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 فروردین 1405