شناسایی تهدیدات و درمان‌های دیجیتال حوزۀ سلامت روان شهری‌‌

مغانی رحیمی, خاطره; حسینی آذرخوارانی, فاطمه سادات; صارمی, حمیدرضا; صفوی, سیدعلی

doi:10.22034/uep.2025.508881.1602

شناسایی تهدیدات و درمان‌های دیجیتال حوزۀ سلامت روان شهری‌‌

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

خاطره مغانی رحیمی ¹

فاطمه سادات حسینی آذرخوارانی ²

حمیدرضا صارمی ³

سیدعلی صفوی ⁴

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی و طراحی‌شهری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس، تهران، ایران‌

² دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه برنامه‌ریزی ‌شهری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس، تهران، ایران‌

³ دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی و طراحی شهری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

⁴ استادیار، گروه شهرسازی و طراحی شهری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران‌

10.22034/uep.2025.508881.1602

چکیده

مقدمه
رشد سریع فناوری‌های دیجیتال و دیجیتالی شدن زندگی انسان‌ها به‌خصوص انسان شهر‌نشین، تهدیدهای جدیدی را برای سلامت روان شهروندان از جمله اعتیاد به رسانه‌های اجتماعی و کلاهبرداری‌های سایبری ایجاد کرده است. درواقع، این پدیده چالش‌های مهمی از جمله فرسایش پیوندهای اجتماعی، شیوع شایعات بی‌اساس و تغییر ماهیت مرز بین فضاهای عمومی و خصوصی را به همراه دارد که در نهایت ساختار زندگی شهری و نحوۀ تعامل شهروندان با یکدیگر را تغییر داده و می‌تواند اثرات بسیار نامناسبی بر سلامت روان شهروندان داشته باشد. اما از سوی دیگر، درمان‌های دیجیتال راه‌حل‌های امیدوارکننده‌ای برای مسائل بهداشت روانی در شهرها ارائه می‌دهند، راه‌حل‌های دیجیتال به عنوان ابزاری حیاتی برای رسیدگی به چالش رو به رشد سلامت روان شهری در دهه‌های اخیر برای ارائۀ مراقبت‌های بهداشت روانی قابل دسترس برای همه، کارآمد و مؤثر برای ساکنان شهری ظهور کرده و به صورت پلتفرم‌های دیجیتال، اپلیکیشن‌ها، شبکه‌های پشتیبانی دیجیتال و... در بسیاری از شهر‌ها مطالعه و به کار گرفته شده‌اند. علاوه بر این در دهه‌های آینده، ‌شاهد گسترش فناوری‌های جدیدی خواهیم بود که به طور اساسی نحوۀ زندگی، کار و تعامل ما با محیط اطراف را تغییر خواهند داد. از هوش مصنوعی و واقعیت مجازی گرفته تا اینترنت اشیا و زیرساخت‌های شهر هوشمند، این نوآوری‌ها گرچه وعدۀ بهبود کارایی، راحتی و ارتباطات را می‌دهند، اما اگر به‌دقت مدیریت نشوند، ممکن است پیامدهای ناخواستۀ‌ بسیاری برای سلامت روانی ساکنان شهری داشته باشند.
بنابراین، دیجیتالی ‌شدن تأثیرات بسیاری بر همۀ ابعاد جامعه‌شناسی، سیاست، اقتصاد، روانشناسی و... داشته است و رشتۀ شهرسازی و موضوع ذیل آن تحت عنوان «سلامت روان شهری» به عنوان حوزه‌ای میان‌رشته‌ای که با تمام ابعاد زندگی انسان ارتباط دارد، باید تأثیرات دیجیتالی شدن بر سلامت روان را در نظر داشته و برای ارتقای تأثیرات مثبت و کاهش تأثیرات منفی آن در شهر‌ها تلاش کند. به همین‌منظور، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل تهدیدها و درمان‌های دیجیتال مؤثر بر سلامت روان شهروندان، بیان شده در اسناد و پژوهش‌های مرتبط میان‌رشته‌ای انجام شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها
روش تحقیق در این پژوهش تحلیل محتوا است. با توجه به هدف پژوهش، ابتدا به مرور سیستماتیک مطالعات پیشین پرداخته و با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای این مطالعات، تهدیدها و درمان‌های دیجیتال عام مؤثر بر سلامت روان شناسایی شده است. در واقع، این پژوهش با استفاده از نوعی رویکرد تفسیری داده‌های کیفی جمع‌آوری‌شده از طریق یک فرایند سیستماتیک (‌Butler et al., 2016) را تحلیل و سپس با در نظر گرفتن تکرار هر یک از تهدیدها و درمان‌های دیجیتال در جهت تحلیل راحت‌تر به تبدیل داده‌های کیفی به کمی پرداخته است.
یافته‌ها
تحلیل تهدیدها و درمان‌های سلامت روان دیجیتال شهری نشان می‌دهد این حوزه، با دو روی متضاد، هم امکانات بی‌نظیری برای ارتقای سلامت روان شهروندان ارائه می‌دهد و هم چالش‌های جدی پیش‌ روی آنان قرار می‌دهد. نکتۀ حائز اهمیت، تلفیق دیدگاه‌های متخصصان و پژوهش‌ها به منظور شناسایی و تفکیک تهدیدها و درمان‌ها در سه دسته‌بندی عوامل اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی، مدیریتی و ویژگی‌های فردی است که هریک، نقش ویژه‌ای در این میان ایفا می‌کنند. در این راستا، عوامل مدیریتی (با سهم 34/33 درصد در درمان‌ها و 39/76 درصد در تهدیدها)، نقش اساسی در شکل‌دهی به این پدیده دارند. درمان‌های مدیریتی، عمدتاً بر به‌صرفه بودن از نظر زمانی و هزینه‌ای (با درصد تکرار 11/94 درصد) تأکید دارد. این در حالی است که تهدیدهای مدیریتی، بیشتر بر شکاف دیجیتالی بین نسلی (با درصد تکرار 18/70 درصد) دلالت دارد.
در سوی دیگر، ویژگی‌های فردی (با سهم 8/96 درصد در درمان‌ها و 36/14 درصد در تهدیدها)، نقش مهمی در تعیین میزان بهره‌مندی شهروندان از خدمات سلامت روان دیجیتال و آسیب‌پذیری آنان در برابر خطرات این حوزه ایفا می‌کنند. درمان‌های فردی، بر افزایش تاب‌آوری و آگاهی، ایجاد انگیزه در کاربران و تسریع در شروع درمان و بهبود (با درصد تکرار 2/99 درصد) تأکید دارد. اما در مقابل، تهدیدهای فردی، عمدتاً بر نبود مهارت و سواد دیجیتالی در شهروندان و امکان ایجاد و ارتقای اضطراب و استرس در کاربران (با درصد تکرار 7/23 درصد) دلالت دارد. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد ‌ارتقای سواد دیجیتالی شهروندان، می‌تواند به کاهش آسیب‌پذیری آنان در برابر تهدیدهای ناشی از دیجیتالی شدن کمک کند. مقولۀ اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی (با سهم 56/72 درصد در درمان‌ها و 24/10 درصد در تهدیدها)، نقش مهمی در شکل‌دهی به نگرش و رفتار شهروندان در قبال فناوری‌های دیجیتال ایفا می‌کنند. درمان‌های اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی، بیشتر بر درک مشترک بر اثر گفت‌و‌گو با دیگران دلالت دارند، اما در مقابل، تهدیدهای اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی، عمدتاً بر انزوای‌اجتماعی تأکید دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری
فناوری‌های نوین ارتباطی و فناوری‌های دیجیتال در عین اینکه امکانات جدیدی را برای ارتقای سلامت روان شهروندان فراهم کرده‌اند، خطرات و تهدیدهای جدیدی را نیز ایجاد کرده‌اند که باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. اما تا کنون تحقیقات کافی در مورد تهدیدها و درمان‌های دیجیتالی شدن بر شهروندان صورت نگرفته است. در حالی که شناسایی همۀ تهدیدها و درمان‌های دیجیتال و تأثیر آن بر سلامت روان شهروندان و سعی در کاهش تهدیدها و افزایش اثر درمان‌ها در تدوین برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی شهری حائز اهمیت است. در واقع، تا کنون هیچ مطالعه‌ای در راستای تحلیل‌ محتوا پژوهش‌های منتشرشده و شناسایی تهدیدها و درمان‌های مؤثر بر سلامت روان شهروندان انجام نشده و بیشتر مطالعات تنها تعدادی از این عوامل را بررسی کرده‌اند. به همین‌منظور، این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل تهدیدها و درمان‌های دیجیتال مؤثر بر سلامت روان شهروندان، بیان‌شده در اسناد و پژوهش‌های مرتبط انجام شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که مطالعات پیشین، حوزۀ تهدیدهای دیجیتال را بیشتر ناشی از عوامل مدیریتی و اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی مانند شکاف دیجیتالی بین نسلی، خطرات سایبری ناشی از عدم شفافیت در سیاست‌های حفظ حریم ‌خصوصی کاربران، انزوای‌ اجتماعی، ارتقای نابرابری فضایی و اجتماعی بر اثر تفاوت در دسترسی به فناوری‌های دیجیتال می‌دانند. پس از این عوامل، نبود مهارت و سواد دیجیتالی در شهروندان و امکان ایجاد و ارتقای اضطراب و استرس در کاربران به عنوان مهم‌ترین تهدیدهای دیجیتال در بعد ویژگی‌های فردی است. همچنین در مطالعات حوزۀ درمان‌های دیجیتال شهری، بیشتر عوامل اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی و مدیریتی مانند دسترسی آسان، درک مشترک بر اثر گفت‌و‌گو با دیگران، ‌به‌صرفه بودن از نظر زمانی و هزینه‌ای، اثربخشی و کارایی بیشتر خدمات دیجیتال و کاربرد بهتر و کاراتر در دوران بحران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در نتیجه تحولات دیجیتال به‌ طور گسترده‌ای بر سلامت روان شهروندان تأثیر گذاشته و در کنار مزایای فراوان، چالش‌های جدیدی را نیز به همراه داشته است. در عین حال، فناوری‌های دیجیتال ظرفیت بالقوه‌ای برای ارائۀ راهکارهای درمانی نوین از جمله مشاوره‌های آنلاین، پلتفرم‌های پشتیبانی اجتماعی و استفاده از هوش مصنوعی و واقعیت مجازی در درمان‌های سلامت روان فراهم کرده‌ است. همچنین، موفقیت در مدیریت سلامت روان دیجیتال مستلزم یک رویکرد جامع، چندبعدی و همکاری میان سیاست‌گذاران شهری، متخصصان سلامت و توسعه‌دهندگان فناوری است. از طریق هماهنگی و تدوین سیاست‌های منسجم می‌توان ضمن کاهش تهدیدها، از فرصت‌های فناوری دیجیتال برای ارتقای کیفیت زندگی و سلامت روان شهروندان به بهترین شکل بهره‌برداری کرد. در نهایت، این پژوهش بر اهمیت ایجاد تعادل میان مزایای دیجیتالی شدن و کنترل چالش‌های آن تأکید دارد تا شهرهای آینده بتوانند محیطی سالم، ایمن و پایدار برای ساکنان خود فراهم کنند. البته سایر عوامل نیز اهمیت بسیاری دارند و سیاست‌گذاران، برنامه‌ریزان‌، طراحان و معماران باید پس از شناخت مناسب تهدیدها و درمان‌های دیجیتال، در جهت کاهش اثرات تهدیدها و افزایش تأثیر درمان‌ها گام بردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل محتوا

دیجیتال

سلامت

سلامت روان

شهر

20.1001.1.28212118.1404.6.2.14.5

موضوعات

برنامه ریزی شهری

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying Digital Threats and Treatments in the Field of Urban Mental Health

نویسندگان English

Khatereh Moghani Rahimi ¹

Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini Azarkhavarani ²

Hamidreza Saremi ³

Seyed Ali Safavi ⁴

¹ Ph.D Candidate, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

² Master’s student, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction
The rapid growth of digital technologies and the digitization of human life, especially urban humans, has created new threats to the mental health of citizens, including social media addiction and cyber fraud. This phenomenon brings essential challenges, including the erosion of social ties, the spread of unfounded rumors, and the changing nature of the boundary between public and private spaces, which ultimately changes the structure of urban life and the way citizens interact with each other and can have very unfavorable effects on the mental health of citizens. But on the other hand, digital therapies offer promising solutions to mental health issues in cities. Digital solutions have emerged as a vital tool to address the growing challenge of urban mental health in recent decades, to provide accessible, efficient, and effective mental health care for urban residents, and have been studied and implemented in many cities in the form of digital platforms, applications, digital support networks, etc. Furthermore, in the coming decades, we will witness the proliferation of new technologies that will fundamentally change how we live, work, and interact with our surroundings. From artificial intelligence and virtual reality to the Internet of Things and smart city infrastructure, these innovations, while promising to improve efficiency, convenience, and connectivity, may have many unintended consequences for the mental health of urban residents if not carefully managed.
Therefore, digitalization has had many impacts on all aspects of sociology, politics, economics, psychology, and so on. The field of urban planning and its sub-topic, urban mental health, as an interdisciplinary field that is related to all aspects of human life, must consider the effects of digitalization on mental health and strive to promote its positive effects and reduce its negative effects in cities. To this end, this research aims to identify and analyze the threats and digital treatments affecting the mental health of citizens, as expressed in relevant interdisciplinary documents and research.
Materials and Methods
The research method in this study is content analysis. According to the purpose of the study, first, a systematic review of previous studies was conducted, and, using content analysis of these studies, common digital threats and treatments affecting mental health were identified. Using an interpretive approach, this study analyzed qualitative data collected through a systematic process (based on Butler et al., 2016). Then, considering the repetition of each digital threat and treatment, qualitative data was transformed into quantitative data for easier analysis.
Findings
The analysis of urban digital mental health threats and treatments shows that this area, with two opposing sides, offers both unique opportunities for improving the mental health of citizens and poses serious challenges for them. It is important to combine the views of experts and research to identify and separate threats and treatments into three categories: sociocultural, managerial, and individual characteristics, each of which plays a special role in this. In this regard, managerial factors (with a share of 34.33% in treatments and 39.76% in threats) play a fundamental role in shaping this phenomenon. Managerial treatments mainly emphasize cost-effectiveness regarding time and cost (with a recurrence rate of 94.11%). Meanwhile, managerial threats mostly imply the intergenerational digital divide (with a recurrence rate of 70.18%). On the other hand, individual characteristics (with a share of 96.8% in treatments and 36.14% in threats) play an important role in determining the extent to which citizens benefit from digital mental health services and their vulnerability to the risks in this area. Individual therapies emphasize increasing resilience and awareness, motivating users, and accelerating the start of treatment and recovery (with a frequency of 99.2%). In contrast, individual threats mainly imply a lack of digital skills and literacy in citizens and the possibility of creating and increasing anxiety and stress in users (with a frequency of 23.7%). These findings indicate that improving citizens’ digital literacy can help reduce their vulnerability to threats resulting from digitalization. The socio-cultural category (with a share of 56.72% in therapies and 24.10% in threats) plays an important role in shaping citizens’ attitudes and behavior towards digital technologies. Socio-cultural therapies mainly imply a shared understanding through dialogue with others. In contrast, socio-cultural threats mainly emphasize social isolation.
Conclusion
While new communication and digital technologies have provided new opportunities for improving the mental health of citizens, they have also created new risks and threats that need to be considered. However, so far, there has been insufficient research on the threats and treatments of digitalization on citizens. While identifying all digital threats and treatments and their impact on citizens’ mental health, and trying to reduce threats and increase the effect of treatments in urban planning and design is important. In fact, no study has been conducted so far to analyze the content of published research and identify threats and treatments affecting citizens’ mental health, and most studies have only examined a few of these factors. For this purpose, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing digital threats and treatments affecting citizens’ mental health, as stated in relevant documents and research. The findings of the research indicate that previous studies consider the field of digital threats to be mostly caused by managerial and socio-cultural factors such as the intergenerational digital divide, cyber risks resulting from the lack of transparency in user privacy policies, social isolation, and the promotion of spatial and social inequality due to differences in access to digital technologies. After these factors, the lack of digital skills and literacy in citizens and the possibility of creating and promoting anxiety and stress in users are the most important digital threats in the dimension of individual characteristics. Also, in studies in the field of urban digital therapies, most socio-cultural and managerial factors such as easy access, shared understanding as a result of dialogue with others, cost-effectiveness in terms of time and cost, greater effectiveness and efficiency of digital services, and better and more efficient use during times of crisis have been examined. As a result, digital developments have widely affected the mental health of citizens and, along with many benefits, have also brought new challenges. At the same time, digital technologies have the potential to provide new treatment solutions, including online consultations, social support platforms, and the use of artificial intelligence and virtual reality in mental health treatments. Also, success in managing digital mental health requires a comprehensive, multidimensional approach and collaboration between urban policymakers, health professionals, and technology developers. Through coordination and formulation of coherent policies, it is possible to best utilize the opportunities of digital technology to improve the quality of life and mental health of citizens while reducing threats. Finally, this research emphasizes the importance of balancing the benefits of digitalization and controlling its challenges so that the cities of the future can provide a healthy, safe, and sustainable environment for their residents. Of course, other factors are also very important, and policymakers, planners, designers, and architects should take steps to reduce the effects of threats and increase the effectiveness of treatments after properly recognizing digital threats and treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

City

Content Analysis

Digital

Health

Mental Health

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