Developing an educational policy model for enhancing energy literacy among housewives in Tehran: A mixed-methods approach

Rezaei, Mahdieh; Kari, Hadi; Shobeiri, Seyyed Mohammad; Safarinia, ,  Majid

doi:10.22034/uep.2026.575765.1844

Developing an educational policy model for enhancing energy literacy among housewives in Tehran: A mixed-methods approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mahdieh Rezaei ¹

Hadi Kari ²

Seyyed Mohammad Shobeiri ³

, Majid Safarinia ⁴

¹ Assistant Professor of Environmental Education, Faculty of Education, Payame Noor University(PNU), Tehran, Iran

² PhD Student in Environmental Education, Faculty of Education, Payame Noor University(PNU), Tehran, Iran

³ Professor of Environmental Education, Faculty of Education, Payame Noor University(PNU), Tehran, Iran

⁴ Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Payame Noor University(PNU), Tehran, Iran

10.22034/uep.2026.575765.1844

Abstract

This research was conducted to present and validate an educational policy model for promoting energy literacy (electrical energy) among housewives in the 22 districts of Tehran, using an exploratory mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, experts were purposively selected from among university professors in energy, educational planning, and public policy, as well as specialists and experts from the Ministry of Energy, the Power Research Institute, the Tehran Electricity Distribution Company, and the National Research Institute for Science Policy. Theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 13 interviews. The statistical population in the quantitative phase consisted of managers and energy specialists in Tehran. The minimum sample size was determined to be 138 based on the power analysis rule. Sampling was performed using a cluster random method. In the qualitative phase, data analysis was conducted using grounded theory and Maxqda, while the quantitative phase utilized the partial least squares (PLS) method in Smart PLS. The results revealed that the coefficients of determination (R²) for the model’s endogenous variables were close to or exceeded the strong range of 0.67. Additionally, all predictive relevance (Q²) values were positive, indicating the model’s favourable predictive power. Furthermore, the GOF index was 0.63, and the SRMR index was 0.098, indicating good model fit. The findings suggest that causal conditions (policy drivers) influence the core phenomenon (educational policy), and the core phenomenon, contextual conditions (context and background variables), and intervening factors (mediating and facilitating factors) affect strategies (strategic actions). In the meantime, the implementation of strategies leads to the formation of outcomes (enhancing energy literacy and achieving sustainable development). Therefore, this model can serve as a roadmap for educational policy-making aimed at promoting energy literacy among housewives in Tehran.

Keywords

Educational policymaking

energy literacy

housewives

model

Tehran city

Subjects

Urban Studies

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