Identification and categorization of smart housing indicators: A systematic review and a conceptual framework based on the IPO model

Hosseini Azarkhavarani, Fatemeh Sadat; Saremi, Hamidreza; Moghani Rahimi, Khatereh; Rashidghalam, Parichehr

doi:10.22034/uep.2026.587450.1928

Identification and categorization of smart housing indicators: A systematic review and a conceptual framework based on the IPO model

Document Type : Review

Authors

Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini Azarkhavarani ¹

Hamidreza Saremi ²

Khatereh Moghani Rahimi ³

Parichehr Rashidghalam ³

¹ Master’s student, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

² Associate Professor of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

³ PhD Candidate of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/uep.2026.587450.1928

Abstract

As technology becomes embedded in everyday life at an unprecedented pace, smart housing has emerged as an undeniable necessity for the future of human habitation. By enabling a deeper understanding of needs, optimizing resources, and substantially enhancing quality of life, smart housing can respond to the complex challenges of the twenty-first century. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify and systematically review smart housing indicators, categorize the identified criteria, and develop a conceptual framework based on the IPO (input–process–output) model to organize these indicators.
The study employed a review-based approach, using a systematic literature review for data collection and categorical content analysis for data analysis. Focusing on smart housing indicators, the study examined five main dimensions: environmental sustainability and energy efficiency, technical efficiency and smart building infrastructure, digital security and trust, user-centeredness and residential quality of life, and governance and economic value.
A systematic review of literature indexed in Scopus indicates that smart housing indicators can be organized within an integrated input–process–output framework. User-centered inputs, including technology acceptance, ease of use, lifestyle compatibility, and quality-of-life enhancement, support smart processes such as technical efficiency, infrastructure integration, digital security, and smart monitoring. These processes ultimately generate meaningful micro- and macro-level outputs, including improved quality of life, service transparency, economic value, environmental sustainability, and energy efficiency.
The findings further indicate that smart housing is not limited to applying emerging technologies in buildings but finds meaning in the interaction among environmental sustainability, technical efficiency, digital security, user-centeredness, and urban governance.

Keywords

Impact assessment

IPO model

smart housing

systematic literature review

Subjects

Urban planning

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