Urban Economics and Planning

Urban Economics and Planning

Identifying and screening citizen participation indicators in public green spaces: a policy arrangement approach to urban agriculture

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Ph.D. Student in Landscape Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Urban agriculture in public green spaces offers an innovative approach toward sustainable urban development, with considerable potential to improve urban environmental quality and strengthen citizen participation. However, the success of this approach depends heavily on the institutional arrangements that either enable or limit citizen participation. This study identifies and prioritises the indicators that influence citizen participation in urban agriculture within public green spaces, using the policy arrangement approach (PAA). The research employed a mixed qualitative–quantitative methodology in two phases. In the first stage, through content analysis of 42 reputable national and international sources, 47 participation indicators were identified and categorized into 13 components and four dimensions of resources, actors, rules, and discourse. In the second stage, to build consensus and refine the indicators, the fuzzy Delphi method was used with the participation of 26 interdisciplinary experts, and the reliability of the results was assessed with the Friedman nonparametric test.
The findings confirmed 38 indicators and established their order of importance. The results showed that the resources dimension, particularly physical access and spatial allocation, carries the greatest weight in shaping participation, followed by the rules of the game, the actors, and participatory discourse dimensions. Overall, citizen participation in urban agriculture is an institutional process that requires the alignment of physical infrastructure, transparent legal frameworks, well-organized actors, and an outcome-oriented participatory discourse. The proposed framework can serve as both an analytical and a policy-oriented guide for planning and for the participatory governance of public green spaces.
Keywords
Subjects

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Volume 7, Issue 8
November 2026
Pages 94-113

  • Receive Date 24 February 2026
  • Revise Date 19 April 2026
  • Accept Date 22 April 2026