Urban Economics and Planning

Urban Economics and Planning

Analysis and Study of Physical Changes with Emphasis on the Physical Dimension of Sustainable Development in the City of Tabriz from 2000-2020

Document Type : Case Study

Authors
Bagher Dastahanin 1
Mahsa Faramarzi Asli 2
MirSaied Moosavi 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
10.22034/uep.2025.495467.1573
Abstract
Introduction 
Sustainable physical development should be based on a harmonious balance between economic, social, and environmental aspects. Smart urban design, optimal land resource utilization, and equilibrium between urban growth and environmental protection are fundamental principles that must be integrated into every physical planning strategy. By adopting this approach, cities can be developed that meet present needs and create a suitable foundation for future generations. Over the past two decades, Tabriz, one of Iran’s major metropolitan cities, has undergone extensive physical transformations due to population growth, economic development, and urban expansion. These changes have led to land-use conversion, reduced green spaces, and increased residential and industrial areas. The rapid pace of this development, combined with its lack of full alignment with sustainable development principles, has resulted in challenges such as air pollution, increased traffic congestion, and spatial inequalities. Furthermore, Tabriz’s historical and cultural identity, which is known for its rich heritage and valuable historical fabric, has been significantly impacted by these physical transformations. Uncoordinated and scattered urban development has not only led to the destruction of natural resources and the loss of urban identity but has also negatively affected citizens’ quality of life. Therefore, analyzing and evaluating the physical changes in Tabriz from 2000 to 2020 in the context of sustainable development is essential for identifying challenges and opportunities in urban planning. This study is crucial as it can assist urban planners and policymakers in formulating effective strategies for better urban management. Additionally, examining the impacts of physical changes on various environmental, social, and economic dimensions can pave the way for enhancing the quality of life and preserving natural resources. This research, focusing on Tabriz as a major urban center, can also serve as a model for other Iranian metropolises, contributing to the realization of sustainable urban development across the country.
Materials and Methods
This research aims to investigate and model the urban development of Tabriz through the analysis of physical changes and their environmental, social, and economic consequences. For this purpose, the Land Transformation Model (LTM), which is based on artificial neural networks, has been used together with GIS and ENVI spatial analysis tools. The research data includes Landsat satellite images (2000 and 2020), land use maps, slope, topography, and worn textures, which have been entered into the model after processing in ArcGIS and ENVI software. The modeling process includes data synchronization, conversion to ASCII format, creation and training of the artificial neural network, implementation of learning algorithm, evaluation of changes, and conversion of output to GRID format. The accuracy of the model was examined using criteria such as root mean square error (RMS), percentage of consistency metric (PCM), and kappa coefficient. Based on the results, the optimal model was selected to predict future urban development. This method, by combining spatial and non-spatial data, provides solutions for sustainable and incremental development in the city of Tabriz.
Findings
Therefore, based on the findings, the challenges of physical development in line with the physical changes formed in terms of sustainability in the city of Tabriz in the period 2000-2020 have actually been in a form in which horizontal and scattered urban expansion has prevailed. This development model, instead of using internal capacities and optimizing urban space, has led to the occupation of open, agricultural, and natural spaces in the suburbs of the city. This has not only led to increased pressure on natural and ecological resources but has also increased environmental problems and reduced the quality of urban life. According to the principles of sustainable development, the main goal should be to create a city that, while paying attention to the needs of the growing population, does not harm natural resources and can exploit its internal capacities. In this context, the development that takes place in regions 5, 7, and 9 of Tabriz, which still have empty and barren spaces, can contribute to a suitable solution to prevent scattered development. These areas can be developed with an emphasis on high density and efficient use of land rather than sprawling outside the city limits. One of the main principles of sustainable development is the preservation and expansion of urban green spaces, which can help improve air quality, reduce heat island effects, and promote the mental and physical health of citizens. The 0.11% reduction in vegetation cover in Tabriz indicates the urgent need for more careful planning to preserve and develop green spaces. In this regard, the creation of parks, gardens, and public spaces within the city can contribute to sustainable development and the preservation of biodiversity in the city.
Conclusion
The physical changes in Tabriz city over the last two decades show a scattered and indiscriminate urban development pattern that has had significant consequences on natural resources, green spaces, and the urban ecosystem. The findings of this study, in line with previous studies, emphasize the importance of targeted interventions and sustainable planning. The increase in built-up areas and the decrease in green spaces not only pose a threat to the environmental sustainability of the city but also affect the quality of life of citizens. Therefore, future planning should focus on internal development and the use of existing capacities in worn-out textures and barren areas rather than horizontal expansion. While reducing the destruction of natural resources, this approach can lead to improved urban services, increased green spaces, and improved quality of life.
Keywords
Physical Changes
Sustainable Development
Tabriz City
Urban Development

Subjects

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Urban Economics and Planning
Volume 5, Issue 4
Winter 2025
Pages 172-185

  • Receive Date 23 December 2024
  • Revise Date 04 January 2025
  • Accept Date 04 January 2025