Urban Economics and Planning

Urban Economics and Planning

Explanation of the Impact of Tactical Urbanism on the Resilience Enhancement of Urban Areas (Case Study: District 14 of Tehran Municipality)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hamidreza Askari 1
Tahmineh Daniali 2
Mohammad Hemmati 3
1 Ph.D Candidate in Geography and Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Rey, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Geography and Rural Planning Professor, Imam Khomeini Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Rey, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Physical Geography, Imam Khomeini Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Rey, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/uep.2024.470586.1521
Abstract
Introduction 
Thes The increasing trends in population and urbanization, coupled with economic, social, and environmental challenges, have led to growing dissatisfaction among citizens in recent years. The inefficacy of urban management approaches and costly projects have highlighted the need for innovative management ideas to achieve faster, more cost-effective solutions for citizen satisfaction. Iran’s historic neighborhoods and traditional districts embody significant architectural and cultural values and require serious revitalization and organization. Neglecting this matter amounts to the loss of national and cultural heritage. The concept of resilience against threats, including natural disasters, helps understand social and economic capacities and recognize that it is vital for formulating risk reduction policies. Ultimately, this research adopts a tactical approach to examine strengthening urban resilience and enhancing urban space quality, aiming to achieve sustainable urban development through optimal management of constraints and challenges. This area is well-equipped with suitable amenities and welfare services, and housing costs are relatively reasonable. Consequently, it has a high population density while being recognized as one of the less extensive regions. This study investigates the impact of a tactical urbanism approach on urban resilience and enhancing the urban environment in District 14 of Tehran Municipality. In this regard, the research seeks to answer the question of how the areas within District 14 are influenced by tactical urbanism in their capacity to increase resilience.
Materials and Methods
This research was conducted in an applied and developmental manner using a descriptive-analytical approach and a survey method. The statistical population includes all citizens of District 14 in Tehran, totaling 484,333 individuals as of 2021. Using Cochran’s formula, the sample size was approximately 384 individuals, with sampling conducted via simple random selection. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential statistics (Likert scale) were utilized in the data analysis. The results were analyzed using MATLAB software and the TOPSIS model, and the areas of District 14 were prioritized based on selected criteria. These findings are presented in tabular form.
Findings
Vulnerable and deteriorated spaces in District 14 of Tehran have reached a state of neglect and vulnerability due to a lack of maintenance and social and economic issues. The increase in population and internal migration have also played a significant role in this trend. These areas are typically located in low-income neighborhoods with inadequate infrastructure, not only diminishing the quality of life for residents but also contributing to social insecurity and rising crime rates. The criteria for identifying degraded areas include instability, fragmentation, and impermeability. In District 14, these deteriorated zones are categorized into three groups, with Zone 6 experiencing the highest impact on urban resilience and Zone 4 the lowest. Regarding social resilience, Zone 4 faces significant challenges with low scores, while Zones 3 and 6 perform better. Contributing factors include a lack of educational and healthcare facilities. To enhance social resilience, it is essential to identify needs and develop relevant programs.
Regarding economic resilience, challenges such as the vulnerability of businesses and insufficient support from governmental institutions are evident. Zones 1 and 4 exhibit the least susceptibility to tactical urbanism. Inequality in resource distribution further exacerbates economic challenges. Environmental resilience and tactical urbanism play crucial roles in enhancing residents’ quality of life and security.
Challenges in Zones 2 and 6:Quality of Building Materials: Increased vulnerability of structures to natural disasters.Deteriorated Conditions: Hazards such as building collapses and social issues.Lack of Green Spaces: The need for healthy ecosystems for psychological well-being and physical health.Quality of Connectivity: Inadequate access to emergency services in critical situations. Recent studies indicate that tactical urbanism can positively impact urban resilience in the face of challenges and crises. Zones 2 and 6 are identified as areas with high potential for leveraging this type of urbanism. In contrast, Zones 1 and 4 face infrastructure challenges and resident dissatisfaction, impacting their ability to adapt and respond to crises.
Conclusion
This research demonstrates that tactical urbanism can improve citizen’s quality of life by harnessing various urban and regional factors. This approach emphasizes simplicity, innovation, and low costs, tailored to Iran’s cultural and indigenous characteristics. By implementing neighborhood-oriented and cost-effective projects, it can lead to the creation of added value for residents. Active community participation in planning and execution strengthens the sense of belonging and local identity and enhances the resilience and sustainability of cities. Urban planners should focus on designing projects that align with the real needs of residents. The study’s findings in District 14 of Tehran Municipality indicate that tactical urbanism has a significant positive impact on urban resilience, with Zone 6 receiving the highest score. This study highlights the importance of paying attention to local approaches and successful experiences, recommending that policymakers develop more comprehensive strategies to maximize the potential of tactical urbanism in various areas. Additionally, addressing the specific needs of each district and fostering active citizen participation can improve quality of life and urban resilience.
Keywords
Region 14 of Tehran
Resilience
Tactical Approach
Tehran
Urban Environment

Subjects

Abbasi Talai, N., & Mohseni, N. (2019). The impact of social interactions on urban public spaces. In National Conference on Contemporary Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran, Ahvaz. https://civilica.com/doc/981265 [In Persian]
Aghaei, L., Varesi, H. R. and Zanganeh Shahraki, S. (2019). Evaluation of a Region-Based Management Plan Based on the Electronic Municipality Criteria with Vikor Model (Case Study: Districts 6 and 15, Tehran Municipality). Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), 7(1), 39-59.  https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_72400.html?lang=en. [In Persian]
AnjamShoa, E., Ahmadian, R., & Moradi Masihi, V. (2024). Explaining the pattern of tactical urban planning intervention in spaces related to historical fabrics of Iranian cities (Case study: Pamennar neighborhood, historical fabric of Kerman City). Studies in Islamic Art, 20 (49), 54-78.https://www.sysislamicartjournal.ir/article_170024.html [In Persian]
Askari, H., Daniali, T., & Hemmati, M. (2023). Explaining a resilient city based on urban planning with a tactical approach: Case study of District 14 of Tehran Municipality. Journal of Geography, 21(78). https://mag.iga.ir/article_707081.html?lang=en [In Persian]
Bakkensen, L. A., Fox-Lent, C., Read, L. K., & Linkov, I. (2017). Validating resilience and vulnerability indices in the context of natural disasters. Risk Analysis, 37(5), 982-1004.   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/risa.12677
Bastani Rad, H. (2012). The ‘Kooy’ (neighborhood) in Iranian cities in the early Islamic centuries. Journal of Historical Research in Iran and Islam, 6(10), 1-30.https://jhr.usb.ac.ir/article_1373.html [In Persian]
Bertsch, V., Williams, R., & Newton, C. (2018). The social impacts of tactical urbanism: A socio-economic perspective. Urban Studies Journal, 55(3), 543-558.https://libstore.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/003/146/631/RUG01003146631_2024_0001_AC.pdf
Büyüközkan, G., & Göçer, F. (2018). Digital supply chain: Literature review and a proposed framework for future research. Computers in Industry, 97, 157-177.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166361517304487
Fakhrqazi, M., Pourramzan, E., & Molaei Hashjin, N. (2022). Economic resilience of rural settlements in Aoj County against environmental hazards with an emphasis on earthquakes. Spatial Economy and Rural Development, 11(41), 57-76. https://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3864-fa.html [In Persian]
Ghadiri, M. , Hekmatnia, H. and Seifollahi, M. (2021). Analyzing the Quality of Life Indicators in Urban neighborhoods Case Study: Koh-‎Banan City. Human Geography Research, 53(2), 409-426. doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2020.258930.1007714. (In Persian) https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_74846
Hataminejad, H., Abedali, Y., Bouyaghie, Z., & Abasi, M. (2016). Measuring the Quality of Life of Afghan Migrants in Iran from a Subjective Perspective: A Case Study of Firoozabad Village. In the First National Conference on Futures Studies, Human Sciences, and Social Security. https://www.sid.ir/paper/116332/fa
Honarmand Shad, P. (2023). Tactical urbanism: An overview of its features and impact on the regeneration of urban spaces and enhancement of citizens’ quality of life. In 20th National Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urbanism, Shirvan.https://civilica.com/doc/1949890 [In Persian]
Hosseini Siahgoli, M., & Ghadami, M. (2016). Investigating factors affecting change in urban planning system in Iran using grounded theory. Geographic Lands, 13(51), 31-50. https://sid.ir/paper/116255/fa [In Persian]
Imani, M., & Farzini, M. (2023). Developing strategies for enhancing environmental quality with a tactical urbanism approach: Case study of Dadgar neighborhood, Mashhad. In Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference and Third International Conference on Urban Planning and Urban Management, Mashhad. https://civilica.com/doc/1876056 [In Persian]
Imani, M., & Farzini, M. (2023). Developing strategies for enhancing environmental quality with a tactical urbanism approach: Case study of Dadgar neighborhood, Mashhad. In *Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference and Third International Conference on Urban Planning and Urban Management*, Mashhad.https://civilica.com/doc/1876056
Kais, S. M., & Islam, M. S. (2016). Community capitals as community resilience to climate change: Conceptual connections. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(12), 1211.  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/12/1211
Kapucu, N., Ge, Y., Rott, E., & Isgandar, H. (2024). Urban resilience: Multidimensional perspectives, challenges and prospects for future research. Urban Governance.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2664328624000408
Khodadadi, F., Entezari, M., and Sasanpour, F. 2020. “Urban Vulnerability Analysis Against Earthquake Hazard with the ELECTRE FUZZY Method (Case Study: Karaj Metropolis).” Journal of Geographical Studies 20 (56): 93-113. https://jgs.khu.ac.ir/browse.php [In Persian]
Lak, A., & Zarezadeh Kheibari, Sh. (2020). Towards a framework for facilitating the implementation of tactical urbanism practices: Assessment criteria in the place-making approach in Iran. Geoforum, 115, 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.003
Li, G., Kou, C., Wang, Y., & Yang, H. (2020). System dynamics modelling for improving urban resilience in Beijing, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 161, 104954.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104954
Lindbom, H., Tehler, H., Eriksson, K., & Aven, T. (2015). The capability concept: On how to define and describe capability in relation to risk, vulnerability and resilience. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 135, 45-54.https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/improving-capability-assessments-for-disaster-risk-management
Majidi, Sanour, and Heidari, Maryam. 2015. “The Role of Urban Physical Planning in Meeting Citizens’ Needs (Case Study: Tehran City).” International Conference on New Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urbanism.  https://sid.ir/paper/857105/fa [In Persian]
Motaghi, S. (2015). The impact of economic factors on migration in Iran: Emphasis on income and employment indicators. Quarterly Journal of The Macro and Strategic Policies, 3(11), 63-74.   https://www.sid.ir/paper/404086/en [In Persian]
Noy, I., & Yonson, R. (2018). Economic vulnerability and resilience to natural hazards: A survey of concepts and measurements. Sustainability, 10(8), 2850.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/8/2850 
Patel, S. S., Rogers, M. B., Amlôt, R., & Rubin, G. J. (2017). What do we mean by ‘community resilience’? A systematic literature review of how it is defined in the literature. PLoS Currents, 9.  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5693357
Pike, A., O’Brien, P., Strickland, T., & Tomaney, J. (2019). Financialising city statecraft and infrastructure. Edward Elgar Publishing.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZXiYDwAAQBAJ&oi
Prasath, S., & Umashankar, K. (2023). Livelihood resilience of smallholder dairy farmers against external shocks: A case study in the northern dry zone of Sri Lanka.https://account.tar.sljol.info/index.php/sljo-j-tar/article/view/8622/6752
Silva, P. (2016). Tactical urbanism: Towards an evolutionary cities’ approach? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 43(6), 1040-1051. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0265813516657340
Spaans, M., & Waterhout, B. (2017). Building up resilience in cities worldwide: Rotterdam as participant in the 100 resilient cities programme. Cities, 61, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.05.011
Surjan, A., Kudo, S., & Uitto, J. I. (2016). Risk and vulnerability. In Sustainable development and disaster risk reduction (pp. 37-55). Springer.https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-4-431-55078-5_3
The Deputy of Transportation Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. (2020). https://www.mrud.ir/en. [In Persian]
Urban Planning Office of District 14, Tehran.  https://region14.tehran.ir. [In Persian]
Wohl, S. (2018). Tactical urbanism as a means of testing relational processes in space: A complex systems perspective. Planning Theory, 17(4), 472-493. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1473095217722809
Yaldahipour, A., & Yaldahipour, A. (2020). Designing innovative and sustainable urban planning based on the requirements and indicators of sustainable urban development. Paper presented at the Second Urban Management Conference, Tabriz. https://en.civilica.com/doc/1114982 [In Persian]
Urban Economics and Planning
Volume 5, Issue 4
Winter 2025
Pages 82-97

  • Receive Date 02 October 2024
  • Revise Date 05 December 2024
  • Accept Date 19 December 2024