Urban Economics and Planning

Urban Economics and Planning

Effectiveness of the Theories of Smart Growth in Controlling Urban Land and Housing Rent Revisited: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Kourosh Rumiani Mahmoudi 1
Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi 2
Shima Dadfar 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Urban department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/uep.2024.446915.1471
Abstract
Introduction 
The dominance of exchange value over the use value of land[1] and inefficiency in the preparation and allocation of the irreplaceable resource of land in raw and undeveloped form has intensified speculation, intentions, and Commercialist Behaviors towards it. This trend has led to redistributive rent-seeking and has fueled urban space development in line with it[2]. Therefore, over the past decades, unconventional spatial development has caused a break in the continuous spatial structure of cities. So, in the next 30 years, with the doubling of the urban population in developing countries, the built-up land area will triple the current area [4]. Therefore, in the not-too-distant future (by 2030), we will face a predominantly urban world that will exploit the earth beyond its ecological capacity to meet its needs [5]. In this regard, it can be said that despite various models and approaches, not only has the area of land and housing rent not subsided, but the growth of commercialism has also affected the areas of economy, development, laws and regulations, welfare and quality of life, equality in access to services, and transparency in affairs. [7]. Therefore, considering the background and results of research conducted in the form of models, hybrid and network approaches, as well as the smart urban growth strategy, it is necessary to present and explain “a systematic and smart strategy to control the areas of rent in urban land and housing.” Therefore, in line with the primary goal of the research, what makes the strategy for controlling land and urban housing rents systematic and smart is a more precise redefinition of the conceptual dimensions, patterns, and studies in the field of smart growth that have an effect size in their results regarding the control of land and housing rents. The present study reviewed the concept of “ Effectiveness of the Theories of Smart Growth In Controlling Urban Land and Housing Rent.”
Materials and Methods
In this study, considering the title and nature of the research, the third version of the meta-analysis method was used to analyze the data. Therefore, the existing literature on the effectiveness of smart growth theories in controlling land rent and urban housing has been reviewed based on the guidelines, checklist, and 4-phase flow chart of the systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). In total, based on the study inclusion criteria, 391 systematic studies, mainly in English, were found between 2024 and 1970. Then, in the screening stage, by placing the studies in a specific protocol (applying data entry and exit criteria), finally 204 study samples in the field of “Efficiency of smart growth in controlling land rent and urban housing” were analyzed using the meta-analysis method. Also, according to the study and analysis of the effect size of the variables based on Cohen’s criterion (1988), the effect size of the nine research concepts was recorded as contributing factors in explaining the divergence and convergence of the study results regarding the status of land rent and urban housing, respectively. In the following, the correlation code of each “smart urban growth” theory with the research variable emerged based on the WH question table. Finally, the data from each study, previously set up in Excel format, were imported into the CMA spreadsheet with “Ctrl-V.” In the final stage of categorizing the content of each study, the following items were considered:
1. Has the efficiency of smart growth been checked to control the fields of land and housing rent?
2. Is it in accordance with the nine dimensions of the concept of efficiency of smart growth?
Findings
Based on the heterogeneity analysis and Cochran’s Q test, also considering the significance level of 0.05, the hypothesis H0 of the study that the effect size of the studies is the same is rejected, and preferably a random model with P-value = 0.000 and ES =.747 was used for the research analysis. Also, the results are I_Squared = 99.810. The value is close to 100 and indicates more significant heterogeneity in the effect size of the original studies. Examination of the Begg and Mazumder rank correlation test and Egger’s regression intercept test shows that the distribution of effect sizes of individual studies is not symmetrical, and 43 small studies bias the funnel plot of the study. Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill approach was implemented to fix the gap in CMA, and this study gap was hypothetically repaired and added to the analysis. In the analysis of the Nfs: Classical fail-safe N index statistic, the value of this statistic indicates that after 2270 non-significant studies enter the analysis process, the calculated effect size will become non-significant, and an error will occur in the final results of the calculations, and analyses. This situation indicates the high accuracy and precision of the information and results of this research. Therefore, the overall effect size is reliable, and publication bias does not threaten the results. Considering the results of the tests and also the regression analysis of the conceptual dimensions of the research and the interaction status of the essential components of the efficiency of smart growth in controlling the fields of land rent and urban housing, it can be said that the unsystematic and unbalanced attention of the studies to the nine conceptual dimensions of the research is evident. 
So that the conceptual dimensions of “Smart governance or democracy,” “Smart citizen,” “Smart dynamism,” and “Social equality for access to services,” respectively, have the most significant effect and intervention towards the reduction of land and housing rent, And the conceptual dimensions of “Citizens Oriented Smart Urban Space Conventional Development “, “ Transparency “, “Amendment of Corrupt Laws & Contracts”, “Smart economy” and “Smart life” have had the least effect and intervention in reducing land and housing rent, respectively.
Conclusion
According to the results of the tests and also the regression analysis of the conceptual dimensions of the research and the interaction status of the basic components of the efficiency of smart growth in controlling the fields of land rent and urban housing, in general, it can be said that research lacking effect sizes, individual perspectives of researchers, and neglect of the systematicity of the conceptual dimensions effective in controlling the fields of land rent and housing, methodological gaps, less systematic analyses, theoretical limitations, and insufficient mechanisms for applying research results have been the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of the results of each study in controlling the fields of land rent and housing, and as a result, its continuation and intensification in its spread. In this regard, the current research with a superior perspective, a comprehensive model that all effective concepts (Smart governance or democracy, Smart citizen, Smart dynamism, Social equality for access to services, Citizens Smart Urban Space Conventional Development‏, Transparency, reform of Corrupt Laws & Contracts, Smart economy, and Smart life) It has been presented systematically and without partiality, as a different type of the effectiveness of smart growth theories in controlling the fields of land rent and urban housing. Therefore, researchers’ attention to all nine conceptual dimensions of research can lead to monitoring and control of land and housing rents in the form of a systematic and smart strategy and serve as a smarter and more integrated model of systematic management and control of land and housing rents in cities.
Keywords
Conventional Urban Space Development
Land and Housing Rent
Smart Growth Theories
Systematic Review

Subjects

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Urban Economics and Planning
Volume 5, Issue 3
Summer 2024
Pages 144-163

  • Receive Date 07 March 2024
  • Revise Date 26 October 2024
  • Accept Date 27 October 2024