Introduction 
In the past fifty years, population and urbanization have led to Uninterrupted urban growth and expansion. In other words, it can be said that the urban population has increased. Still, the existing urban services have not been able to respond to the diverse needs of the people due to inadequate distribution and insufficient access. Therefore, the rapid growth of cities has exceeded the capacity of organizations and city managers to provide infrastructure and public services to citizens. Dispersion and proportional distribution of urban service use are some of the most important considerations in urban land use planning. There is a possibility of creating social crises and spatial problems due to the uneven distribution of urban service users. Inadequate spatial distribution of urban service cables requires more movement over longer distances to use the services provided by them, Which leads to additional costs, time wastage, increased crowding, traffic, air pollution, and insufficient access to services. For some, it also includes families. On the contrary, the proper distribution of urban services provides the possibility of optimal access to service uses and not only plays a significant role in improving the health, security, and peace of society but also acts as an important indicator in the direction of achieving social well-being. It can be inferred that optimal access and proper distribution of urban service users in all urban areas means providing the right services at the right time and place. In this regard, the measured action of urban management in the spatial distribution of urban service uses is necessary to improve the physical quality of the environment so that the quality of life of the people can improve and urban sustainability be achieved. For this purpose, it is very important to understand and analyze the current situation of the spatial distribution of urban services in which the pursuit of proper distribution and easy access to the services of these uses requires the allocation of resources with the most favorable combination. Ardabil City has seen rapid population and physical growth in recent decades. However, the distribution of different uses of urban services does not correspond to the growth and expansion of the population and the physical structure of the city. This imbalance in the distribution of urban service centers can not only lead to the promotion of intra-city travel and aggravation of pollution but also disrupt the population balance and expand urban spaces in conflict with social and economic dimensions. Therefore, by examining the distribution and access to the uses of urban services, it is possible to identify their spatial pattern in different urban areas. This, in turn, can lead to providing solutions that improve residents’ access to such uses and increase their quality of life. Laundry and dry-cleaning jobs, especially the subject of study in this research, are among the types of activities and services that operate in the category of special service trade unions in cities, and in a way, they respond to the needs of the majority of citizens for the services of these units. The current research focuses on laundry and dry-cleaning jobs as a specific example of service sectors in cities and it has analyzed the spatial distribution of these jobs in Ardabil city by relying on some spatial analysis capabilities in the ArcGIS environment. In this regard, the main question of the research is as follows: What is the state of accessibility and spatial distribution of laundry and dry-cleaning units in the neighborhoods of Ardabil city?
Materials and Methods
In terms of the type of research, the current research is applied-developmental and its method is descriptive-analytical based on graphic methods. The method of collecting information is library (documents) and field. In this way, first by using the library method; The introduction, background, and theoretical foundations of the research were compiled. Also, using the field survey method (GPS), the exact locations of laundry and dry-cleaning units in the neighborhoods of Ardabil city were identified and their coordinates were recorded. After correcting the errors and accurately coding the collected locations in the Google Earth software environment, the final data was entered into the ArcGIS software to form a geographic information database to be analyzed in this software environment. To analyze the information, spatial analysis models and spatial statistics in the ArcGIS environment such as spatial autocorrelation analysis and hot spot analysis were used.
Findings
In the current research, the accessibility and spatial distribution of urban services (in this research, laundry, and dry cleaning units) were investigated at the level of the neighborhoods of Ardabil city, and the obtained results showed that in terms of the weight of the abundance of the investigated units at the level of the neighborhoods of Ardabil city, Neighborhoods No. 1-10, 2-8, 3-5 and 4-4 each with 5 units with the highest frequency and neighborhoods 2-9, 3-2, 3-10, 4-1, 4-2, 4-5, 4-6 and 4-10 without any laundry and dry cleaning units are placed in the last classification in terms of the frequency of the mentioned units. The status of the number of laundry and dry-cleaning units by the neighborhoods of Ardabil Municipality and based on the ratio of the number of units investigated per 10 thousand people showed that in the neighborhoods 3-4, 3-3, and 4-4 per 10 thousand population. 4/58 laundry and dry cleaning units and in the neighborhoods 3-2, 3-10, 4-1, 4-2, 4-5, 4-6, and 4-10 per 10 thousand people, absolutely no laundry units and There is no laundry. The condition of the rest of the neighborhoods is in the range of these values. Also, based on the analysis of hot spots in the neighborhoods of Ardabil municipality, neighborhoods 1-7, 1-9, 1-10, 2-4, 2-6, 2-8, 2-10, 3-4, 3-5 and 4- 4 have the highest Z value and have a hotter situation in terms of access to the studied units. On the other hand, the neighborhoods 2-9, 3-2, 3-10, 4-1, 4-2, 4-5, 4-6, and 4-10 have the lowest Z value, so without any value Hot and cold spots are located among the urban neighborhoods of Ardabil. Finally, the result of the spatial autocorrelation analysis of the mentioned units based on the neighborhoods of Ardabil Municipality with Z:1/55 showed that their distribution is classified as a random pattern.
Conclusion
Urban planning requires the allocation and distribution of scarce resources among different areas of the city and relies on criteria such as social welfare. Otherwise, it can lead to more access in certain areas of the city to urban resources compared to other places. The basis of the distribution of urban services should take into account access and spatial distribution within the city. Considering the importance of the subject, the present research has investigated the accessibility and spatial distribution of laundry and dry cleaning units in the neighborhoods of Ardabil city. The results of the research showed that according to the type of urban fabric of Ardabil, the structural form of these fabrics has a significant effect on residents’ access to service facilities (in this research, laundry, and dry-cleaning units) and their spatial distribution in the city. The spatial distribution of the aforementioned service units in the neighborhoods of Ardabil city is more than that of the peripheral neighborhoods. The findings of this study are consistent with the research of Lee et al. who state that the structure of the urban fabric affects the residents’ access to service facilities and the distribution of services is not consistent with the distribution of the population. In addition, the results of Fatemi’s research showed; that Region 4 of Ardabil, which is considered as one of the peripheral areas, has a high dispersion of bakery units, which contradicts the findings of the above research. Also, the findings of the spatial distribution of laundry and dry-cleaning units in the neighborhoods of Ardabil show a random and inappropriate pattern, which indicates the concentration of these units in one or more specific neighborhoods of the city. This model leads to more access of some neighborhoods and their residents to relevant services, which helps to form inequality in the distribution of urban services in Ardabil. In this regard, the results of the above research are in line with the results of the research of Naimi and Babai Aghdam, which shows the inappropriate distribution of urban public services in different areas of Sanandaj City. Finally, considering the importance of the issue, it is suggested that a detailed survey of the per capita usage of services such as laundry and dry-cleaning units in the city is done and necessary measures are taken to solve their shortage in the city, and the ability of all residents to access city services is a priority for the managers. Take This means that the distribution of services in the city should be done in such a way that all residents of the city have proper access to city services. To achieve this, it is important to pay attention to urban facilities’ service radius and capacity.