نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری آینده‌پژوهی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران
2 دانشیار اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Due to the complicated and abundant energy needs of cities, as well as the crisis brought on by the usage of fossil fuels in cities and global warming, optimizing energy use is essential. In this sense, creating smart and sustainable cities—which take into account a variety of sustainability-related factors—represents a significant strategy for reducing energy consumption and accelerating the shift to clean energy through digitalization. A smart city is a city whose construction is developed based on information and communication technology (ICT) sustainable urban development is “the process of change in the environment that strengthens economic development while preserving resources and improving the health of the individual, society and ecosystem”. A large amount of research indicates that the primary focus of smart cities is the field of technology and how organizational characteristics and capacities influence its application; design considerations have been overlooked in this regard. Sustainable cities, however, consider design concepts and principles and ignore smart aspects. Thus, we can discuss sustainable smart cities by bringing together these two concepts. A sustainable smart city is the application of information and communication technology to meet the needs of its current residents without endangering other people or future generations, which facilitates achieving sustainable urban development and improving the quality of life. However, policymakers and stakeholders related to smart cities lack practical research-based recommendations to support the development of sustainable smart cities. Governments may not be able to offer citizens high-quality services if they fail to take into account several factors while formulating policies about the development of sustainable smart cities. As a result, the main goal of the research is to identify and rank the factors affecting the development of a sustainable smart city, and the research questions considered in this article are: What are the factors affecting the development of a sustainable smart city with a focus on optimal energy management? What are the influencing and affectability factors in the development of a sustainable smart city? To answer the questions raised, this paper proposes a model for how to address them in the sustainable smart city agenda. The results of this research help managers, policymakers, and urban planners have a clear picture of sustainable smart city development.
Materials and Methods
The purpose of this research is to provide a model of factors affecting the development of a sustainable smart city. For this reason, binomial statistical tests and fuzzy DEMATEL methods were applied. Both components are quantitative techniques and use quantitative data for analysis. The binomial test is a non-parametric test for screening factors. By using SPSS software and the binomial test, the significance level is calculated for the factors, and the factors whose significance level is more than 0.05 are removed. DEMATEL is a method that identifies the direction and intensity of direct and indirect relationships between factors in a complex system through matrix calculations and related mathematical theories. The current research is exploratory in terms of its purpose (due to the identification of the effective factors of the research). From the point of view of orientation, it is applied (using the results in the analysis of the important factors of sustainable smart city development) and in terms of methodology, it is mixed. The theoretical research community includes professors, managers, and experts. Also, the sampling method is judgmental and based on expert knowledge and judgment. It should be noted that the sample size in this research is 15 people. The stages of the current research include:
1) Literature review to identify factors influencing the development of a sustainable smart city
2) The initial screening of the research factors using a binomial test
3) Determining the most effective factors through the fuzzy DEMATEL method
Findings
The findings of the research show that initially, 20 effective factors for the development of a sustainable smart city with a focus on optimal energy management were extracted with an analytical review of the research literature. Then, by analyzing the binomial test, 10 factors of education and empowerment of citizens, control of pollution level development of private and public collaborations, traffic management systems, development of innovation and entrepreneurship, attractiveness and urban competitiveness, management of resource consumption, urban planning and public policies, cyber security, and the participation of citizens had a significant level above 5% and were excluded from the calculations. Also, the remaining 10 factors were investigated using the fuzzy DEMATEL technique. DEMATEL’s technique evaluates factors from the point of view of Influencing and Affectability. According to the findings of Fuzzy DEMATEL and the net effect index, the factors of high-speed internet (5G technology), research and development, big data, artificial intelligence, and green Internet of things had the highest effect.
Conclusion
The results of this research show that high-speed Internet (5G technology) is the most influential factor in the future of sustainable smart cities. Using 5G technology increases the speed of users’ access to a large amount of data and reduces its time. The Internet of Things can benefit from 5G technology to manage energy consumption in a sustainable smart city. Therefore, 5G technology can respond well to the needs of a sustainable smart city to manage energy consumption. Research and development is ranked second in terms of influencing the future of sustainable smart cities. Research and development by attracting investment and innovation in products and services and producing advanced technologies leads to knowledge-based activities and as a result, being a pioneer in the field of sustainable policies. Therefore, it is possible to take a big step in this direction by supporting the collaboration between academia and industry as well as new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Big data is ranked third in terms of influencing the future of sustainable smart cities. Determining useful information is very important in data-driven smart city development projects because identifying information to provide to customers is directly related to the value and attractiveness of a service. Artificial intelligence is ranked fourth in terms of influencing the future of sustainable smart cities. Artificial intelligence helps to manage energy production and consumption in changing environments and markets. The integration of artificial intelligence with 5G networks and sensor networks can create a new field for next-generation smart city services. The Internet of Green Things and its application has the fifth rank in terms of influencing the future of sustainable smart cities. Internet of Things technologies bring many challenges such as increasing energy consumption as well as electronic waste in smart cities. Smart city programs must be compatible with the environment, hence smart cities should move towards green IoT. The analysis of these key factors helps the decisions of managers, policymakers, and urban planners to invest and provide the necessary infrastructure of a smart city for optimal energy management.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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